目的:多个室内和室外场所对个人暴露于致癌多环芳烃(c-PAHs)的浓度的相对重要性仍然知之甚少。这是特别具有挑战性的,因为许多c-PAHs共享来源并且作为复杂混合物出现。根据暴露场所对个人暴露进行准确和精确的分配可以帮助理解给定来源对人类健康的影响。这里,我们根据室内和室外来源将室内和个人暴露浓度划分为7种c-PAHs和pyr。
方法:同时,个人综合监控,在克拉科夫的两年期间,在75个家庭中连续48小时进行了9种PAHs的室内和室外浓度,波兰。由于已知的室内来源很少,我们使用这种PAH物种作为示踪剂渗透室外PAHs。个人和室内7种c-PAHs和pyr的浓度分配给家庭室内,非家庭室内和室外的起源。
结果:使用Chrysenein/Chryseneout作为渗透因子的代理,Finf,室外来源的渗透PAHs的浓度总体上高于室内来源的PAHs。B[a]A上室外源的平均贡献,B[b]F,B[k]F为92%,79%,所有季节的78%,分别。相比之下,在一个家庭成员吸烟的家里,室外源对B[GHI]P的平均贡献,B[a]P,D[啊]A,和IP较低(即,67%,65%,67%,66%,分别)。室外来源对个人暴露于B[a]A的季节平均贡献,B[b]F,B[k]F为92%,74%,77%,分别。另一方面,个人暴露于B[a]A的季节平均家庭室内源贡献,B[b]F,B[k]F估计为6%,15%,19%,分别。B[ghi]P的季节平均家庭室内来源对个人暴露的类似贡献估计为28%,B[a]P为31%,25%的D[啊]A,和28%的IP。
结论:在7种c-PAHs中,B[a]A,B[b]F,和B[k]F富含室外燃煤产生的室内和个人暴露浓度。B[ghi]P,B[a]P,D[a,h]A,IP,PAHs具有一些最高的致癌和致突变性,除了室外来源之外,香烟烟雾也相当丰富。
OBJECTIVE: Relative importance of multiple indoor and outdoor venues on personal exposure concentrations to pro-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) remains poorly understood. This is particularly challenging because many c-PAHs share sources and occur as a complex mixture. Accurate and precise apportionment of personal exposure according to exposure venues could aid in the understanding of human health effects due to a given source. Here, we partitioned indoor and personal exposure concentrations to seven c-PAHs and pyrene according to the indoor- and outdoor-origins.
METHODS: A simultaneous, integrated monitoring of personal, indoor and outdoor concentrations of nine PAHs was conducted in 75 homes for a consecutive 48-hour period across a two-year period in Kraków, Poland. Due to few known indoor sources for chrysene, we used this PAH species as a tracer for infiltration of outdoor PAHs. Personal and indoor concentrations of seven c-PAHs and pyrene were apportioned to home indoor, non-home indoor and outdoor origins.
RESULTS: Using Chrysenein/Chryseneout as proxy for an infiltration factor, Finf, infiltrated PAHs of outdoor origin are overall higher in concentration than those emitted from the indoor origin. Average contribution by the outdoor sources on B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were 92%, 79%, and 78% across all seasons, respectively. In contrast, in homes where a household member smoked, average contributions by the outdoor sources on B[ghi]P, B[a]P, D[ah]A, and IP were lower (i.e., 67%, 65%, 67%, and 66%, respectively). Season-averaged contributions by the outdoor sources on personal exposure to B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were 92%, 74%, and 77%, respectively. On the other hand, season-averaged home indoor source contributions on personal exposure to B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F were estimated at 6%, 15%, and 19%, respectively. Similar contributions by season-averaged home indoor sources on personal exposure were estimated at 28% for B[ghi]P, 31% for B[a]P, 25% for D[ah]A, and 28% for IP.
CONCLUSIONS: Of the seven c-PAHs, B[a]A, B[b]F, and B[k]F are enriched in indoor and personal exposure concentrations from the outdoor coal-combustion. B[ghi]P, B[a]P, D[a,h]A, and IP, PAHs with some of the highest carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies, are considerably enriched by cigarette smoke in addition to the outdoor sources.