calcium ion

钙离子
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    2018年夏季,基于电位滴定法对渤海海水钙离子(Ca2+)浓度进行了调查,中国。测得的Ca2+浓度范围为7760至9739μmolkg-1,与理论Ca2+值存在偏差,这是根据钙/盐度比估算的。过量钙(Ca2+过量)范围为186~1229μmolkg-1,从河口到近岸呈下降趋势,然后是近海地区。河流输入是渤海海水Ca2过量的重要来源。生物活性是黄河口降水和渤海其他地区溶解调节海水Ca2过量的另一个因素。此外,从测量的Ca2+浓度计算的文石饱和状态(Ωarag)值显示出与理论Ca2+浓度计算值的显着偏差,特别是在最大差异为18.5%的河口地区。因此,忽略钙的添加将导致对碳酸钙饱和状态的低估和对边缘海海洋酸化评估的偏差。
    Seawater calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration was investigated based on the potentiometric titration method during the summer of 2018 in the Bohai Sea, China. The measured Ca2+ concentration ranged from 7760 to 9739 μmol kg-1 and deviated from the theoretical Ca2+ values, which were estimated from the calcium/salinity ratio. The excess calcium (Ca2+excess) ranged from 186 to 1229 μmol kg-1, showing a decreasing trend from the estuary to the nearshore, and then the offshore areas. Riverine input was an important source of seawater Ca2+excess in the Bohai Sea. Biological activity was another factor in regulating seawater Ca2+excess by precipitation in the Yellow River estuary and dissolution in other area of the Bohai Sea. Furthermore, the aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) values calculated from the measured Ca2+ concentrations showed a significant deviation from the values calculated from the theoretical Ca2+ concentrations, especially in the estuarine area with a maximum difference of 18.5%. Therefore, the disregard of the calcium addition would lead to an underestimation of the calcium carbonate saturation state and a deviation in the assessment of ocean acidification in marginal seas.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    高效止血材料的开发对于实现快速出血控制和有效伤口愈合至关重要。无机多磷酸盐(polyP)被认为是凝血过程的有效调节剂。然而,polyP链长度对凝血的具体影响尚不完全清楚。此外,钙离子(Ca2+)是必不可少的凝固过程,促进凝血级联反应中的多种酶催化反应。因此,具有三种不同聚合度的钙离子偶联聚磷酸盐粉末(CaPP-n,n=20、50和1500)通过离子交换反应合成。CaPP在低聚合度下表现出结晶相,并且随着聚合度增加转变为非晶相。值得注意的是,Ca2+的加入增强了polyP的润湿性,CaPP促进止血,具有与链长度相关的不同程度的有效性。CaPP-50表现出最有希望的止血性能,凝血指数最低(BCI,12.1±0.7%),凝血时间最短(302.0±10.5s)。通过将Ca2+与中等链长的polyP结合,CaPP-50表现出增强的加速血细胞粘附和活化的能力,启动内在凝血级联,形成稳定的血块,表现优于CaPP-20和CaPP-1500。使用大鼠肝出血和股动脉穿刺模型进一步验证CaPP-50的止血功效。CaPP-50被证明具有与商业钙基沸石止血粉末相当的止血性能,并且优于高岭土。此外,CaPP-50具有优异的生物相容性和长期储存稳定性。这些结果表明CaPP-50作为用于快速控制出血的活性无机止血剂具有显著的临床和商业潜力。
    The development of efficient hemostatic materials is crucial for achieving rapid hemorrhage control and effective wound healing. Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is recognized as an effective modulator of the blood coagulation process. However, the specific effect of polyP chain length on coagulation is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential for the coagulation process, promoting multiple enzyme-catalyzed reactions within the coagulation cascade. Hence, calcium ion-coupled polyphosphate powders with three different degrees of polymerization (CaPP-n, n = 20, 50, and 1500) are synthesized by an ion-exchange reaction. CaPP exhibits a crystalline phase at a low polymerization degree and transitions to an amorphous phase as the polymerization degree increases. Notably, the addition of Ca2+ enhances the wettability of polyP, and CaPP promotes hemostasis, with varying degrees of effectiveness related to chain length. CaPP-50 exhibits the most promising hemostatic performance, with the lowest blood clotting index (BCI, 12.1 ± 0.7%) and the shortest clotting time (302.0 ± 10.5 s). By combining Ca2+ with polyP of medium-chain length, CaPP-50 demonstrates an enhanced ability to accelerate the adhesion and activation of blood cells, initiate the intrinsic coagulation cascade, and form a stable blood clot, outperforming both CaPP-20 and CaPP-1500. The hemostatic efficacy of CaPP-50 is further validated using rat liver bleeding and femoral artery puncture models. CaPP-50 is proven to possess hemostatic properties comparable to those of commercial calcium-based zeolite hemostatic powder and superior to kaolin. In addition, CaPP-50 exhibits excellent biocompatibility and long-term storage stability. These results suggest that CaPP-50 has significant clinical and commercial potential as an active inorganic hemostatic agent for rapid control of bleeding.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(AnGS)由于其低碳足迹(更少的曝气能源和碳源消耗)和高生物量密度而受到了相当大的关注,但是增长率和稳定性仍然是AnGS进程的瓶颈。钙离子(Ca2+)是厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)生长所必需的,在AnGS的形成和稳定中起着重要作用。通过多光谱和宏基因组学分析,从四个方面综合研究了不同浓度下AnGS对Ca2+的响应:脱氮性能,表面形态,胞外聚合物(EPS)的组成和表征,和微生物群落。在适当的Ca2+浓度(2mmol/L)下,脱氮效率显著提高,由于AnGS具有更有利的形态和功能微生物组成。然而,随着Ca2+浓度从2增加到8mmol/L,AnGS的脱氮性能下降,由于过量Ca2+对EPS的负面影响,传质效率,和功能性微生物。同时,在Ca2=6mmol/L时观察到氮去除效率的意外轻微“反弹”,这归因于AnGS的防御模式转变(从“离子稳定”到“沉淀屏蔽”模式)对抗过量Ca2应力。根据调查结果,建立了AnGS对不同浓度Ca2+的反应机制。我们的结果增强了对AnGS和Ca2+之间相互作用的理解,这对于填补提高AnGS成粒性和稳定性的理论空白,为AnGS工艺的实际操作提供参考。
    Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) has received considerable attention due to its low carbon footprint (less aeration energy and carbon source consumption) and high biomass density, but growth rate and stability are still the bottlenecks of AnGS process. Calcium ion (Ca2+) is essential for the growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) and plays an important role in the formation and stability of AnGS. Response of AnGS to Ca2+ under different concentrations was comprehensively investigated by multi-spectral and metagenomics analysis in four aspects: nitrogen removal performance, surface morphology, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition and characterization, and microbial community. The nitrogen removal efficiency was significantly enhanced at appropriate Ca2+ concentration (2 mmol/L), owning to the more favorable morphology and functional microbial composition of AnGS. However, the nitrogen removal performance of AnGS declined with the Ca2+concentration increased from 2 to 8 mmol/L, due to the negative effects of excess Ca2+on EPS, mass transfer efficiency, and functional microorganisms. Meanwhile, an unexpected slight \"rebound\" of nitrogen removal efficiency was observed at Ca2+ = 6 mmol/L and attributed to the defense mode transformation of AnGS (from \"ion stabilization\" to \"precipitate shield\" modes) against excess Ca2+ stress. Based on the findings, the response mechanism of AnGS to Ca2+ with different concentrations was established. Our results enhanced the understanding of the interaction between AnGS and Ca2+, which may be valuable for filling the theoretical gap in enhancing the granulation and stability of AnGS and providing a reference for the practical operation of the AnGS process.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    CRISPR/Cas12a系统越来越多地用于生物传感器的开发。然而,高背景信号和低灵敏度的非核酸靶标检测具有挑战性。这里,设计了一种可以通过空间位阻效应(PAIT效应)抑制完整形式的CRISPR/Cas12a系统的反式切割活性的挂锁激活剂,用于非核酸靶标检测。当挂锁激活剂被分成两个分裂激活剂时,PAIT效应消失。为了验证挂锁激活器的可行性,在DNA酶的辅助下,基于PAIT效应开发了Ca2+传感器,其活性是Ca2+依赖性的。在Ca2+的存在下,DNA酶被激活以切割其底物,用腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸修饰的挂锁激活剂,进入分裂的挂锁激活剂,这将触发Cas12a的反式切割活性以产生荧光。荧光强度和Ca2+浓度的对数之间存在数学关系,范围从10μM到1nM,检测限为3.98pM。Mg2+的干扰很小,Mn2+,Cd2+,Cu2+,Na+,Al3+,K+,Fe2+,和Fe3+表示高选择性。回收率从93.32%到103.28%,RSD从1.87%到12.74%显示出良好的准确性和可靠性。此外,所提出的传感器可用于检测矿泉水中的Ca2+,奶粉和尿液。结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法的结果一致。因此,PAIT效应对于拓展CRISPR/Cas12a系统的应用边界具有重要意义。
    The CRISPR/Cas12a system is increasingly used in biosensor development. However, high background signal and low sensitivity for the non-nucleic acid targets detection is challenging. Here, a padlock activator which could inhibit the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a system in the intact form by steric hindrance effect (PAIT effect) was designed for non-nucleic acid targets detection. The PAIT effect disappeared when padlock activator was separated into two split activators. To verify the feasibility of padlock activator, a Ca2+ sensor was developed based on PAIT effect with the assistance of DNAzyme, activity of which was Ca2+ dependent. In the presence of Ca2+, DNAzyme was activated to cleave its substrate, a padlock activator modified with adenine ribonucleotide, into split padlock activators which would trigger the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a to generate fluorescence. There was a mathematical relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the logarithm of Ca2+ concentration ranging from 10 pM to 1 nM, with a limit of detection of 3.98 pM. The little interference of Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Na+, Al3+, K+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ indicated high selectivity. Recovery ranged from 93.32% to 103.28% with RSDs from 1.87% to 12.74% showed a good accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, the proposed sensor could be applied to detect Ca2+ in mineral water, milk powder and urine. The results were consistent with that of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thus, PAIT effect is valuable for expanding the application boundary of CRISPR/Cas12a system.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    蜱传脑炎(TBE)是由蜱传脑炎病毒(TBEV)引起的人畜共患疾病,影响人类和动物的中枢神经系统。目前,没有针对TBE患者的特定疗法,对症治疗是主要方法。在这项研究中,米诺环素(MIN)的作用,这是一种四环素抗生素,对TBEV感染的细胞系中的TBEV增殖和细胞保护进行了评估。间接免疫荧光,病毒滴度,RT-qPCR结果表明,用MIN处理48h后,TBEV复制以剂量依赖性方式被显著抑制。此外,研究了MIN对Vero细胞中不同TBEV感染复数(MOIs)的抑制作用。此外,转录组学分析和RT-qPCR结果表明,与MIN孵育后,TBEV和CALML4的水平降低,而钙通道受体的水平,如RYR2和SNAP25,均显著升高。MIN还调节MAPK-ERK相关因子,包括FGF2,PDGFRA,PLCB2和p-ERK,并抑制炎症反应。这些数据表明,向TBEV感染的细胞施用MIN可以降低TBEV水平,调节钙信号通路相关蛋白,抑制MAPK-ERK信号通路和炎症反应。这项研究为抗TBEV治疗的发展提供了创新的策略。
    Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Tick-borne Encephalitis virus (TBEV), which affects the central nervous system of both humans and animals. Currently, there is no specific therapy for patients with TBE, with symptomatic treatment being the primary approach. In this study, the effects of minocycline (MIN), which is a kind of tetracycline antibiotic, on TBEV propagation and cellular protection in TBEV-infected cell lines were evaluated. Indirect immunofluorescence, virus titers, and RT-qPCR results showed that 48 h post-treatment with MIN, TBEV replication was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitory effect of MIN on different TBEV multiplicities of infection (MOIs) in Vero cells was studied. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR results indicate that after incubation with MIN, the levels of TBEV and CALML4 were decreased, whereas the levels of calcium channel receptors, such as RYR2 and SNAP25, were significantly increased. MIN also regulated MAPK-ERK-related factors, including FGF2, PDGFRA, PLCB2, and p-ERK, and inhibited inflammatory responses. These data indicate that administering MIN to TBEV-infected cells can reduce the TBEV level, regulate calcium signaling pathway-associated proteins, and inhibit the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway and inflammatory responses. This research offers innovative strategies for the advancement of anti-TBEV therapy.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    乳清蛋白(WP)由于其优越的生物活性和营养价值,经常被用作递送载体。WP与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的共价结合可以显着提高WP在包封材料中的性能。然而,WP-EGCG共价复合物的制备仍然存在低接枝率的问题。研究表明,钙离子(Ca2+)可以修饰蛋白质的结构。因此,我们探索了氯化钙(CaCl2)对EGCG和WP自由基接枝的影响。实验结果表明,添加Ca2+后,自由基的接枝率提高了17.89%。此外,进一步研究了WP-EGCG-Ca2+共价复合物对芹菜素(AP)包封率的影响,结果表明,芹菜素浓度为0.2mg/mL时,包封率可达93.66%。模拟胃肠消化结果显示WP-EGCG-Ca2+共价复合物能显著提高AP的生物利用度。该研究为拓宽WP作为生物活性物质载体的应用提供了新思路。
    Whey protein (WP) is often used as a delivery carrier due to its superior biological activity and nutritional value. Covalent binding of WP to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can significantly improve the performance of WP in encapsulated materials. Nevertheless, the preparation of WP-EGCG covalent complexes still suffers from low grafting rates. Studies have shown that calcium ions (Ca2+) can modify the structure of proteins. We therefore explored the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the free radical grafting of EGCG and WP. The experimental results showed that the grafting rate of free radicals increased by 17.89% after adding Ca2+. Furthermore, the impact of WP-EGCG-Ca2+ covalent complex on the entrapment efficiency of apigenin (AP) was further examined, and the results revealed that the entrapment rate could reach 93.66% at an apigenin concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that WP-EGCG-Ca2+ covalent complex could significantly improve the bioavailability of AP. The study provides new ideas to broaden the application of WP as a carrier for delivering bioactive substances.
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  • 文章类型: Editorial
    暂无摘要。
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    钙离子(Ca2)在精子运动和受精中起着至关重要的作用。copine(CPNE)家族包含几种Ca2依赖性磷脂结合蛋白。其中,CPNE1在哺乳动物组织中广泛表达;然而,其在睾丸发育和精子发生中的确切作用尚未得到充分表征。在这项研究中,我们使用蛋白质组学分析睾丸活检,发现与梗阻性无精子症(生理性精子发生)患者相比,非梗阻性无精子症(精子发生缺陷)患者的CPNE1水平显著降低.在老鼠身上,CPNE1在生殖细胞发育的各个阶段表达,并与高尔基体相关。最终,CPNE1在成熟精子的鞭毛中表达。为了进一步检查CPNE1的作用,我们开发了Cpne1敲除小鼠模型。分析表明Cpne1的缺失并不损害睾丸发育,精子发生,或精子在生理条件下的形态和运动。用氯化钆(III)或硼酸2-氨基乙氧基二苯酯处理时,已知的存储操作Ca2+进入抑制剂,野生型小鼠的Ca2+信号和精子活力显著受损;然而,这两种机制在KO小鼠中都是保守的。这些结果表明,CPNE1对睾丸发育是可有可无的,生理条件下的精子发生或精子运动性。此外,CPNE1可能代表Ca2+通道抑制剂的靶标,因此可能与Ca2+信号传导和精子运动性的调节有关。
    Calcium ions (Ca2+) play crucial roles in sperm motility and fertilization. The copine (CPNE) family comprises several Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Of these, CPNE1 is extensively expressed in mammalian tissues; however, its precise role in testicular development and spermatogenesis is yet to be fully characterized. In this study, we used proteomics to analyze testicular biopsies and found that levels of CPNE1 were significantly reduced in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (defective spermatogenesis) compared to those in patients with obstructive azoospermia (physiological spermatogenesis). In mice, CPNE1 is expressed at various stages of germ cell development and is associated with the Golgi apparatus. Ultimately, CPNE1 is expressed in the flagella of mature sperms. To further examine the role of CPNE1, we developed a Cpne1 knockout mouse model. Analysis showed that the loss of Cpne1 did not impair testicular development, spermatogenesis, or sperm morphology and motility in physiological conditions. When treated with gadolinium (III) chloride or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, known inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ entry, Ca2+ signals and sperm motility were significantly compromised in wild-type mice; however, both mechanisms were conserved in KO mice. These results suggested that CPNE1 is dispensable for testicular development, spermatogenesis or sperm motility in physiological conditions. In addition, CPNE1 may represent a target of Ca2+ channel inhibitors and may therefore be implicated in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling and sperm motility.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    与常规方法相比,生物矿化在废水处理领域引起了极大的关注,因为它显着降低了成本。来自油田的含高浓度钙和铁离子的回注水将对生产构成重大危害。然而,由于嗜盐菌对这种极端条件的耐受性有限,因此几乎没有研究利用生物矿化来沉淀这些离子。在这项研究中,使用游离和固定化的嗜盐菌来沉淀这些离子,并比较了效果,同时,进一步探讨了生物矿化机制和矿物特征。结果表明,以钙离子为基础,额外添加三价铁离子时,细菌浓度和碳酸酐酶活性较高;蛋白质含量,多糖,与对照相比,胞外聚合物中的脱氧核糖核酸和腐殖质也增加。钙离子被生物矿化为具有多种形态的方解石和球闪石。由于铁的掺杂,碳酸钙的结晶度和热稳定性下降,OC=O的含量,NC=O和CO-PO3增加,稳定的碳同位素值变得更加消极,矿物质中的β-折叠消失了。较高的钙浓度促进三价铁离子沉淀,而三价铁离子阻碍钙沉淀。固定化菌对三价铁离子的去除效果较好,沉淀率超过90%。游离细菌在钙去除方面表现更好,沉淀率达到最大值56%。该研究可为油田废水中钙离子和铁离子的协同去除提供参考。
    Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods. The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceedingly high concentration of calcium and ferric ions will pose a major hazard in production. However, the utilization of biomineralization for precipitating these ions has been scarcely investigated due to limited tolerance among halophiles towards such extreme conditions. In this study, free and immobilized halophiles Virgibacillus dokdonensis were used to precipitate these ions and the effects were compared, at the same time, biomineralization mechanisms and mineral characteristics were further explored. The results show that bacterial concentration and carbonic anhydrase activity were higher when additionally adding ferric ion based on calcium ion; the content of protein, polysaccharides, deoxyribonucleic acid and humic substances in the extracellular polymers also increased compared to control. Calcium ions were biomineralized into calcite and vaterite with multiple morphology. Due to iron doping, the crystallinity and thermal stability of calcium carbonate decreased, the content of OC = O, NC = O and CO-PO3 increased, the stable carbon isotope values became much more negative, and β-sheet in minerals disappeared. Higher calcium concentrations facilitated ferric ion precipitation, while ferric ions hindered calcium precipitation. The immobilized bacteria performed better in ferric ion removal, with a precipitation ratio exceeding 90%. Free bacteria performed better in calcium removal, and the precipitation ratio reached a maximum of 56%. This research maybe provides some reference for the co-removal of calcium and ferric ions from the oilfield wastewater.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:探讨溶解素治疗脑胶质瘤的潜在机制。
    方法:首先,基于BernoulliNaiveBayes分析和途径富集的靶标预测用于预测裂解素的生物活性。通过表面等离子体共振(SPR)和分子对接检测5-脂氧合酶(5-LO)与裂解素的结合,利用体外酶抑制试验和细胞活力分析,确定了裂解素对5-LO和胶质瘤增殖的抑制作用,分别。此外,通过细胞存活率分析和液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)研究了溶素的药理作用。蛋白质表达,Westernblot显示细胞内钙离子浓度和细胞骨架检测,流式细胞术和荧光标记,分别。
    结果:目标预测和途径富集表明,溶解素抑制5-LO,参与花生四烯酸代谢途径的关键酶,抑制胶质瘤的增殖。分子对接结果表明,5-LO可以通过氢键与裂解素结合,与His600、Gln557、Asn554和His372形成债券。SPR分析进一步证实了5-LO与溶素之间的相互作用。此外,体外酶抑制试验和细胞存活率分析表明,50%抑制浓度的溶解素和中位有效浓度的溶解素分别为90和16.58μmol/L,分别,LC-MS/MS结果表明,溶素抑制了5S-氢过氧二十碳四烯酸的产生(P<0.05),而且,LC-MS/MS结果表明,溶解素可以很好地进入胶质瘤细胞(P<0.01)并抑制其增殖。Westernblot分析显示,细胞溶解素能抑制5-LO(P<0.05)和下游白三烯B4受体的表达(P<0.01)。此外,结果表明,细胞溶解素通过抑制5-LO影响细胞骨架,从而影响细胞内钙离子浓度,通过流式细胞术和荧光标记确定。
    结论:Lysionotin结合5-LO可能通过抑制花生四烯酸代谢途径抑制胶质瘤。
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential mechanism of lysionotin in treating glioma.
    METHODS: First, target prediction based on Bernoulli Naïve Bayes profiling and pathway enrichment was used to predict the biological activity of lysionotin. The binding between 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and lysionotin was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking, and the inhibitory effects of lysionotin on 5-LO and proliferation of glioma were determined using enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and cell viability analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical effect of lysionotin was explored by cell survival rate analysis and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The protein expression, intracellular calcium ion concentration and cytoskeleton detection were revealed by Western blot, flow cytometry and fluorescence labeling, respectively.
    RESULTS: Target prediction and pathway enrichment revealed that lysionotin inhibited 5-LO, a key enzyme involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, to inhibit the proliferation of glioma. Molecular docking results demonstrated that 5-LO can be binding to lysionotin through hydrogen bonds, forming bonds with His600, Gln557, Asn554, and His372. SPR analysis further confirmed the interaction between 5-LO and lysionotin. Furthermore, enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and cell survival rate analysis revealed that 50% inhibition concentration of lysionotin and the median effective concentration of lysionotin were 90 and 16.58 µmol/L, respectively, and the results of LC-MS/MS showed that lysionotin inhibited the production of 5S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (P<0.05), and moreover, the LC-MS/MS results indicated that lysionotin can enter glioma cells well (P<0.01) and inhibit their proliferation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that lysionotin can inhibit the expression of 5-LO (P<0.05) and downstream leukotriene B4 receptor (P<0.01). In addition, the results showed that lysionotin affected intracellular calcium ion concentration by inhibiting 5-LO to affect the cytoskeleton, as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence labeling.
    CONCLUSIONS: Lysionotin binds to 5-LO could suppress glioma by inhibiting arachiodonic acid metabolism pathway.
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