背景:玉米发酵蛋白(CFP)等玉米副产物含量高的饮食可能含有过量的Leu,由于Val和Ile的分解代谢增加以及大脑中用于5-羟色胺合成的Trp的可用性降低,这对猪的采食量和生长性能具有负面影响。然而,我们假设在断奶猪的饮食中使用CFP的负面影响可能会被克服,Trp,和(或)Ile。
方法:在完全随机设计中,将三百二十头断奶猪随机分配到10种饮食处理中的一种。每个围栏4只猪和每个处理8个重复围栏。配制了玉米-豆粕日粮和2种基于玉米和10%CFP或玉米和20%CFP的基础日粮。通过用20%CFP和Ile强化基础饮食来配制七种额外的饮食,Trp,Val,Ile和Val,Ile和Trp,Trp和Val,或者Ile,Trp和Val.使用了两阶段进料程序,d1至14为阶段1,d15至28为阶段2。每隔一天记录粪便评分。在第14天和第28天从每个围栏的一头猪收集血样。在第14天,在10种处理中的3种处理中,从每头猪中收集粪便样品,以确定挥发性脂肪酸,铵浓度,和微生物蛋白。这些猪也被安乐死并收集回肠组织。
结果:饮食处理对第1阶段评估的任何参数均无影响。饮食中包含10%或20%CFP降低了第28天的最终体重(P<0.05),并在第2阶段和整个实验期间降低了平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)。然而,饲喂补充Val的CFP饮食的猪,Ile,Trp的最终体重,ADFI,在第2阶段和整个实验中,ADG和饲料增益比与饲喂对照饮食的猪没有区别。如果使用CFP,则第2阶段的粪便评分降低(P<0.05)。
结论:在不影响生长性能的情况下,断奶仔猪日粮中可包含多达20%的玉米发酵蛋白,肠道健康,或后肠发酵,如果饮食中添加了额外的Val,Trp,还有Ile.包含CFP还改善了猪的粪便稠度。
BACKGROUND: Diets with high inclusion of corn co-products such as corn fermented protein (CFP) may contain excess Leu, which has a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of pigs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp in the brain for serotonin synthesis. However, we hypothesized that the negative effect of using CFP in diets for weanling pigs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val, Trp, and (or) Ile.
METHODS: Three hundred and twenty weanling pigs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, with 4 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10% CFP or corn and 20% CFP were formulated. Seven additional diets were formulated by fortifying the basal diet with 20% CFP with Ile, Trp, Val, Ile and Val, Ile and Trp, Trp and Val, or Ile, Trp and Val. A two-phase feeding program was used, with d 1 to 14 being phase 1 and d 15 to 28 being phase 2. Fecal scores were recorded every other day. Blood samples were collected on d 14 and 28 from one pig per pen. On d 14, fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids, ammonium concentration, and microbial protein. These pigs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was collected.
RESULTS: There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the parameters evaluated in phase 1. Inclusion of 10% or 20% CFP in diets reduced (P < 0.05) final body weight on d 28, and average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in phase 2 and for the entire experimental period. However, pigs fed the CFP diet supplemented with Val, Ile, and Trp had final body weight, ADFI, ADG and gain to feed ratio in phase 2 and for the entire experiment that was not different from pigs fed the control diet. Fecal scores in phase 2 were reduced (P < 0.05) if CFP was used.
CONCLUSIONS: Corn fermented protein may be included by up to 20% in diets for weanling pigs without affecting growth performance, gut health, or hindgut fermentation, if diets are fortified with extra Val, Trp, and Ile. Inclusion of CFP also improved fecal consistency of pigs.