丝绸是由不同节肢动物天然产生的一类蛋白质,包括蚕,蜘蛛,蝎子,螨虫,黄蜂,和蜜蜂。这篇综述讨论了家蚕制造的丝素蛋白和丝胶蛋白作为多功能纤维。它主要由疏水性丝素蛋白和亲水性丝胶蛋白组成。丝素蛋白被定义为赋予丝强度的结构蛋白,虽然丝胶的特征是树胶状蛋白质,将两种纤维蛋白绑在一起,赋予丝蛋白弹性。由于其多功能结构,生物相容性,和生物降解性,它们可以被定制为复杂的结构,以保证特定的需求。两种蛋白质的固有官能团使得它们的官能化和与各种生物材料的交联能够赋予基质良好的抗氧化和抗菌性能。根据目标应用,它们可以与其他材料结合以配制纳米纤维,水凝胶,电影,和微纳米粒子。鉴于丝心蛋白和丝胶蛋白具有突出的生物学和可控的物理化学特征,它们可以用于涉及组织工程的药物应用,伤口修复,药物输送,和癌症治疗。这篇综述全面讨论了丝素蛋白和丝胶蛋白在伤口愈合和药物递送系统中不同配方的实施进展,特别是癌症治疗。
Silks are a class of proteins generated naturally by different arthropods, including silkworms, spiders, scorpions, mites, wasps, and bees. This review discusses the silk fibroin and silk sericin fabricated by Bombyx mori silkworm as versatile fibers. This silk fiber is predominantly composed of hydrophobic silk fibroin and hydrophilic silk sericin. Fibroin is defined as a structural protein that bestows silk with strength, while sericin is characterized as a gum-like protein, tying the two fibrous proteins together and endowing silk proteins with elasticity. Due to their versatile structures, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, they could be tailored into intricate structures to warrant particular demands. The intrinsic functional groups of both proteins enable their functionalization and cross-linking with various biomaterials to endow the matrix with favorable antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Depending on the target applications, they can be integrated with other materials to formulate nanofibrous, hydrogels, films, and micro-nanoparticles. Given the outstanding biological and controllable physicochemical features of fibroin and sericin, they could be exploited in pharmaceutical applications involving tissue engineering, wound repair, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. This review comprehensively discusses the advancements in the implementation of different formulations of silk fibroin and sericin in wound healing and drug delivery systems, particularly for cancer treatment.