燃气锅炉在英国的家庭供暖中占主导地位,和显著的效率改进已经与冷凝锅炉相关联。然而,通过完善控制,仍有进一步提高效率的潜力,系统规范和实际住宅中的安装。动态建筑仿真建模,包括详细的加热系统部件,可以更深入地分析锅炉的性能不足。本文采用动态模拟的方法探讨了锅炉空间热量过大与开/关循环之间的联系,以及它们对锅炉效率和内部温度的后续影响。在植物大小比(PSR)下,每天有8.5个周期,编号超过50,与真实房屋中的中位数水平相似。模拟显示,典型的尺寸过大(PSR>3)显著增加循环行为并带来6-9%的效率损失。提高PSR之间有明显的联系,循环增加,效率降低;然而,在英国,锅炉经常在空间供暖方面过大,特别是组合锅炉,以满足峰值热水需求。当前的立法和标签(ErP和SAP)忽略了PSR作为系统效率的决定因素,未能激励适当的尺寸。通过解决安装实践和认证来减少锅炉尺寸过大,有可能以低成本显着提高效率,减少相关的碳排放。实际应用:这项研究为评估锅炉供暖系统在安装或翻新时性能不佳的可能性提供了实用且具有成本效益的方法的基础。通过评估锅炉在空间供暖方面的尺寸过大,可以避免不必要的循环和相关的效率损失。植物大小比,作为循环潜力的指标,可以在能源性能证书(EPC)中实施,通过标准评估程序(SAP),使用现有数据。现有锅炉库存中真正节省碳的潜力是相当大的,这些发现对下一代供暖系统有更广泛的影响。
Gas boilers dominate domestic heating in the UK, and significant efficiency improvements have been associated with condensing boilers. However, the potential remains for further efficiency improvement by refining the control, system specification and installation in real dwellings. Dynamic building simulation modelling, including detailed heating system componentry, enables a deeper analysis of
boiler underperformance. This paper explores the link between the space heat oversizing of boilers and on/off cycling using dynamic simulation, and their subsequent effect on
boiler efficiency and internal temperatures. At plant size ratio (PSR) 8.5 daily cycles numbered over 50, similar to median levels seen in real homes. Simulations show that typical oversizing (PSR >3) significantly increases cycling behaviour and brings an efficiency penalty of 6-9%. There is a clear link between raising PSR, increased cycling and an associated decreased efficiency; however, in the UK, boilers are regularly oversized with respect to space heating, especially combination boilers to cover peak hot water demand. Current legislation and labelling (ErP and SAP) overlook PSR as a determinant of system efficiency, failing to incentivise appropriate sizing. Reducing
boiler oversizing through addressing installation practices and certification has the potential to significantly improve efficiency at low cost, decreasing associated carbon emissions. Practical application: This research provides the basis for a practical and cost effective means of assessing the potential for underperformance of boiler heating systems at the point of installation or refurbishment. By assessing the oversizing of the
boiler with respect to space heating, unnecessary cycling and the associated efficiency penalty can be avoided. Plant size ratio, as an indicator of cycling potential, can be implemented in energy performance certificates (EPCs), through the standard assessment procedure (SAP), using existing data. The potential for real carbon savings in the existing
boiler stock is considerable, and the findings have wider implications for next generation heating systems.