背景:瘤胃是奶牛的重要消化器官。瘤胃微生物群通过微生物介导的发酵协助植物饲料的消化,在这个过程中,植物饲料被转化为营养供奶牛使用。瘤胃微生物组组成和功能的变化影响奶牛的能量利用效率,这是身体状况评分(BCS)变化的原因之一。本研究以荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,分析不同BCS奶牛瘤胃微生物区系和代谢产物的差异。将12头奶牛分为两组,低BCS(LBCS,BCS=2.75,n=6)和高BCS(HBCS,BCS=3.5,n=6),探讨微生物组成和代谢产物的差异。
结果:在HBCS组中,Firmicutes门的属表现出更强的相关性和更高的丰度。Phyla,如Firmicutes,芽孢杆菌,酸杆菌,Euryarchoota,和脱硫细菌,除了它们的大多数组成微生物群之外,HBCS组的丰度明显高于LBCS组。在属一级,大量的厌氧菌,Veillonellaceae_UCG_001,Ruminococus_gauvreaii_组,Blautia,真细菌,Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_组,Schwartzia,HBCS组的Halomonas显著增加。柠檬酸盐循环,参与碳水化合物代谢,表现出显著的富集趋势,随着其关键底物丰度的显著增加,柠檬酸盐在HBCS组中。这种增加与差异细菌属显着正相关。
结论:在这项研究中,BCS较高的产前奶牛表现出更多的Firmicutes。这项研究为具有不同BCS的奶牛的微生物学研究提供了理论支持,并表明调节瘤胃微生物组可以帮助将产前奶牛维持在最佳BCS范围内。
BACKGROUND: The rumen is a crucial digestive organ for dairy cows. The rumen microbiota assists in the digestion of plant feed through microbe-mediated fermentation, during which the plant feed is transformed into nutrients for the cow\'s use. Variations in the composition and function of the rumen microbiome affect the energy utilization efficiency of dairy cows, which is one of the reasons for the varying body condition scores (BCSs). This study focused on prepartum Holstein dairy cows to analyze differences in rumen microbiota and metabolites among cows with different BCSs. Twelve prepartum dairy cows were divided into two groups, low BCS (LBCS, BCS = 2.75, n = 6) and high BCS (HBCS, BCS = 3.5, n = 6), to explore differences in microbial composition and metabolites.
RESULTS: In the HBCS group, the genera within the phylum Firmicutes exhibited stronger correlations and greater abundances. Phyla such as Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteriota, Euryarchaeota, and Desulfobacterota, in addition to most of their constituent microbial groups, were significantly more abundant in the HBCS group than in the LBCS group. At the genus level, the abundances of Anaerovibrio, Veillonellaceae_UCG_001, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Blautia, Eubacterium, Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_group, Schwartzia, and Halomonas significantly increased in the HBCS group. The citrate cycle, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, exhibited a significant enrichment trend, with a notable increase in the abundance of its key substrate, citrate, in the HBCS group. This increase was significantly positively correlated with the differential bacterial genera.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, prepartum dairy cows with higher BCS exhibited greater abundance of Firmicutes. This study provides theoretical support for microbiological research on dairy cows with different BCSs and suggests that regulating the rumen microbiome could help maintain prepartum dairy cows within an optimal BCS range.