背景:在Kalhbaum对卡顿尼亚的第一个表征中,情绪症状,如情感和情绪的表达减少或受限,这被描述为迟钝的影响,与运动症状有关。在后来的几年里,情感域被排除在紧张症的概念之外,并且在各种诊断统计手册(DSM)版本的诊断标准中未被纳入.最近,一些作者提出了通过重新引入情感领域来重新评估卡顿尼亚概念的命题。这项研究的目的是检查紧张样行为(CLB)之间的相关性,比如情绪退缩,钝的影响,精神运动减慢,和炎症标志物,即中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比(NLR)和淋巴细胞/单核细胞比(LMR),在被诊断为精神分裂症的个体中。
方法:25名精神分裂症患者(10名女性,15名男性)被招募,和简短的精神病学评定量表(BPRS)用于评估情绪戒断的严重程度,钝的影响,精神运动减慢。
结果:相关性分析(Spearmanρ)揭示了迟钝的情感与精神运动减慢之间的直接关联(ρ=0.79,P=0.001),和CLB(情绪退缩,ρ=0.51,P=0.05;钝化影响ρ=0.58,P=0.05;运动迟缓,ρ=0.56,P=0.05)和LMR(ρ=0.53,P=0.05)。此外,病程(DOI)大于5年的患者与最近诊断为该病的患者相比,CLB和LMR较高.很可能,具有阳性症状以及处于疾病的前驱和活动期的患者与处于残留期的患者相比,具有不同的免疫特征,并且主要是阴性症状。
结论:精神运动减慢和迟钝是两个显著相关的特征,代表了两面派的Janus.此外,精神分裂症持续时间越长,将它们聚集在CLB中更占优势,并且与不同的特定免疫激活模式相关.
BACKGROUND: In Kalhbaum\'s first characterization of catatonia, the emotional symptoms, such as decreased or restricted expression of feelings and emotions, which is described as blunted affect, are related to the motor symptoms. In later years, the affective domain was excluded from the concept of catatonia and was not included among the diagnostic criteria in the various Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) versions. In recent times, some authors have proposed the proposition of reevaluating the notion of catatonia through the reintroduction of the affective domain. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between catatonic-like behavior (CLB), such as emotional withdrawal, blunted affect, and psychomotor slowing, and inflammatory markers, namely the neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and lymphocytes/monocytes ratio (LMR), in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
METHODS: A sample of 25 patients with schizophrenia (10 females, 15 males) was recruited, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess the severity of emotional withdrawal, blunted affect, and psychomotor slowing.
RESULTS: The correlation analysis (Spearman ρ) revealed a robust direct association between blunted affect and psychomotor slowing (ρ = 0.79, P = 0.001), and a significant direct correlation between CLB (emotional withdrawal, ρ = 0.51, P = 0.05; blunted affect ρ = 0.58, P = 0.05; motor retardation, ρ = 0.56, P = 0.05) and LMR (ρ = 0.53, P = 0.05). In addition, patients with a duration of illness (DOI) older than five years had a higher presence of CLB and a higher LMR than patients with a more recent diagnosis of the disease. Likely, patients with positive symptoms and in the prodromal and active stages of the disease have a different immune profile than patients in the residual stage and with a predominance of negative symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychomotor slowing and blunted affect are two significantly related features, representing the two-faced Janus of immobility. Furthermore, aggregating them in CLB is more predominant the longer the duration of schizophrenia and is associated with different a specific pattern of immune activation.