多糖因其在可持续材料生产中的相关性而获得越来越多的关注。在生物材料领域,多糖作为亲水组分在两亲性嵌段共聚物的设计中发挥重要作用,用于药物递送系统的开发,特别是纳米载体,由于其突出的生物相容性,生物降解性,和结构的多功能性。多糖链中还原端的存在允许合成基于多糖的嵌段共聚物。与多糖基接枝共聚物相比,可以更精确地控制嵌段共聚物的结构。在这次审查中,详细讨论了多糖基两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成方法,考虑到多糖的结构特征。各种合成方法,包括还原胺化,肟结扎,和其他链端修饰反应,正在探索。本文还重点介绍了多糖作为聚合物纳米载体中亲水嵌段的优势。纤维素等不同多糖的结构和独特性质,透明质酸,壳聚糖,海藻酸盐,和葡聚糖一起描述了它们在两亲性共聚物的合成中作为亲水性链段以构建用于持续药物递送的纳米载体的应用实例。
Polysaccharides are gaining increasing attention for their relevance in the production of sustainable materials. In the domain of biomaterials, polysaccharides play an important role as hydrophilic components in the design of amphiphilic block copolymers for the development of drug delivery systems, in particular nanocarriers due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. The presence of a reducing end in polysaccharide chains allows for the synthesis of polysaccharide-based block copolymers. Compared with polysaccharide-based graft copolymers, the structure of block copolymers can be more precisely controlled. In this review, the synthesis methods of polysaccharide-based amphiphilic block copolymers are discussed in detail, taking into consideration the structural characteristics of polysaccharides. Various synthetic approaches, including reductive amination, oxime ligation, and other chain-end modification reactions, are explored. This review also focuses on the advantages of polysaccharides as hydrophilic blocks in polymeric nanocarriers. The structure and unique properties of different polysaccharides such as cellulose, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate, and dextran are described along with examples of their applications as hydrophilic segments in the synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers to construct nanocarriers for sustained drug delivery.