本研究旨在i)评估好氧堆肥过程中新型生物包装的分解(测试浓度为2%和6%)并评估所得堆肥ii)分析生物塑料残留物对蚯蚓的生态毒性;iii)研究堆肥过程中的微生物群落以及暴露于生物塑料残留物后的肠道;iv)肠道微生物群与生态毒性分析相关;v)评估堆肥后的化学物理特征。两种测试浓度均显示,从第一次采样时间开始,生物包装的崩解率接近90%,堆肥化学分析确定了其在过程结束时的成熟度和稳定性。然后对Fetida的生育能力进行了生态毒理学评估,增长,基因毒性损伤,以及对肠道微生物组的影响。生物塑料残留物不会影响蚯蚓的生育能力,但是DNA损伤是在测试的最高生物塑料剂量下测量的。此外,生物塑料残留物在堆肥过程中不会显着影响细菌群落,但是用2%生物包装处理的堆肥在真菌群落中表现出更大的变异性,包括被孢霉,Mucor,和链格孢属,可以使用生物塑料作为碳源。此外,生物塑料残留物影响肠道细菌群落,与芽孢杆菌,芽孢杆菌,根瘤菌,军团菌,糖精属在2%的生物塑料浓度下特别丰富。较高的浓度通过有利于不同属如假单胞菌影响微生物组成,尿素杆菌,和链球菌。对于真菌群落,去甲。主要在暴露于2%生物塑料残留物的earth中发现,并且可能与其作为微塑料降解剂的作用有关。堆肥后,对生物塑料残留物的衰减全反射分析显示,在暴露earth后,随着羟基和酰胺基团的形成而老化。
The present study aimed to i) assess the disintegration of a novel bio-packaging during aerobic composting (2 and 6 % tested concentrations) and evaluate the resulting compost ii) analyse the ecotoxicity of
bioplastics residues on earthworms; iii) study the microbial communities during composting and in \'earthworms\' gut after their exposure to bioplastic residues; iv) correlate gut microbiota with ecotoxicity analyses; v) evaluate the chemico-physical characterisation of bio-packaging after composting and earthworms\' exposure. Both tested concentrations showed disintegration of bio-packaging close to 90 % from the first sampling time, and compost chemical analyses identified its maturity and stability at the end of the process. Ecotoxicological assessments were then conducted on Eisenia fetida regarding fertility, growth, genotoxic damage, and impacts on the gut microbiome. The bioplastic residues did not influence the earthworms\' fertility, but DNA damages were measured at the highest bioplastic dose tested. Furthermore bioplastic residues did not significantly affect the bacterial community during composting, but compost treated with 2 % bio-packaging exhibited greater variability in the fungal communities, including Mortierella, Mucor, and Alternaria genera, which can use
bioplastics as a carbon source. Moreover, bioplastic residues influenced gut bacterial communities, with Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Legionella, and Saccharimonadales genera being particularly abundant at 2 % bioplastic concentration. Higher concentrations affected microbial composition by favouring different genera such as Pseudomonas, Ureibacillus, and Streptococcus. For fungal communities, Pestalotiopsis sp. was found predominantly in earthworms exposed to 2 % bioplastic residues and is potentially linked to its role as a microplastics degrader. After composting, Attenuated Total Reflection analysis on bioplastic residues displayed evidence of ageing with the formation of hydroxyl groups and amidic groups after earthworm exposure.