■总结有关自然因素对医院病程影响的现有文献,并向临床医生介绍亲生物设计的概念以及将自然纳入医院环境作为治疗性住院的组成部分的潜力。
■几十年来,建筑师和设计师都拥护将自然元素融入医疗环境以达到治疗目的的好处。这种“亲生物”设计理念的好处主要在长期护理或康复环境中进行了研究;然而,一些最有吸引力的机会在于急性护理环境。
■本范围综述调查了有关急性住院中自然暴露对病程影响的文献。筛选12,979条引文后,共包括41篇文章。风险分为七类,其中最常见的是窗户/自然光的存在,透过窗户的自然场景,和自然音景。以叙事方式对这些文章进行了审查,并进行了主题分析。
■研究在设计上极其不同,研究问题,并报告结果。研究的自然暴露类型是通过窗户暴露于真实的自然场景,窗户/自然光的存在,医疗保健环境中的自然,描绘自然的艺术,与自然直接接触,自然音景,通过虚拟现实(VR)体验自然。
■在急性住院期间暴露于自然似乎具有真正但很小的治疗效果,主要是焦虑/抑郁等心理指标,疼痛,患者满意度。更大的有益效果与更长时间的暴露于自然和更大程度的沉浸在自然中(例如,使用VR等新兴技术创造多感官体验)。
UNASSIGNED: To summarize the existing literature surrounding the influence of natural elements on course in hospital and to introduce clinicians to the concept of biophilic design and the potential for incorporation of nature into the hospital environment as a component of a therapeutic hospitalization.
UNASSIGNED: For decades, architects and designers have espoused the benefits of incorporating natural elements into the healthcare environment for therapeutic purposes. The benefits of this \"biophilic\" design philosophy has been investigated predominantly in long-term care or rehabilitation settings; however, some of the most appealing opportunities lie in the acute care setting.
UNASSIGNED: This scoping review surveyed the literature surrounding the influence of exposure to nature on course in acute hospitalizations. After screening 12,979 citations, 41 articles were included. Exposures were divided into seven categories, the most common of which were the presence of a window/natural light, a natural scene through a window, and nature soundscapes. These articles were reviewed in a narrative fashion and thematic analysis was conducted.
UNASSIGNED: Studies were extremely heterogeneous in their design, research questions, and reported outcomes. Types of exposure to nature studied were exposure to a real natural scene through a window, presence of a window/nature light, nature in the healthcare environment, art depicting nature, direct contact with nature, nature soundscapes, and nature experienced through virtual reality (VR).
UNASSIGNED: Exposure to nature during an acute hospital admission appears to have a real but small therapeutic effect, predominantly on psychological metrics like anxiety/depression, pain, and patient satisfaction. Greater beneficial effects are seen with greater durations of exposure to nature and greater degrees of immersion into nature (e.g., creating multisensory experiences using emerging technology like VR).