橄榄厂产业是地中海国家经济的相关部门,虽然它涉及高消耗水和产生具有高环境影响的废水。橄榄厂废水(OMW)的高效处理具有很高的相关性,尤其是这些国家。气候变化导致干旱的时间增加,从污染的溪流中回收水对于确保这种稀缺资源的可持续性至关重要。各种技术的组合涉及物理,化学,并且已经开发了用于OMW处理的生物工艺。然而,所研究的治疗方法有局限性,如手术成本,工业规模扩大的困难,和事实,绝大多数不导致适当的处理后的水排放/再利用。因此,迫切需要开发一种能够有效处理这种废水的解决方案,克服现有方法的缺点,将OMW从严重的环境问题转化为有价值的水和营养来源。在这次审查中,对基于OMW治疗的几项研究进行了严格讨论,从传统的方法,如物理(如离心,过滤,和吸附)和生物(厌氧消化和厌氧共消化)过程,先进的膜过滤等最新技术,高级氧化过程(AOPs)和基于硫酸根的AOPs(SR-AOPs)。由于废水的复杂性,OMW不能通过单一工艺有效处理,在达到排放到水道或用于作物灌溉所需的特性之前,需要一系列技术。回顾这件事的公布结果,看起来包括臭氧化的过程顺序,厌氧消化,和SR-AOP可能是用于此目的的理想组合。然而,在处理的最后阶段,膜技术可能是必要的,以使废水达到法定排放或灌溉限制。
The olive mill industry is a relevant sector in the economy of Mediterranean countries, while it involves high consumption of water and the production of effluents with high environmental impact. The efficient treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) is of high relevance, particularly for these countries. Climate changes are leading to increasing periods of droughts, and water recovery from polluted streams is essential to ensure the sustainability of this scarce resource. A combination of various technologies involving physical, chemical, and biological processes has been developed for OMW treatment. However, the treatments studied have limitations such as the operation costs, difficulty of industrial scale-up, and the fact that the vast majority do not lead to suitable treated water for discharge/reuse. As such, it is urgent to develop a solution capable of efficiently treating this effluent, overcoming the disadvantages of existing processes to convert OMW from a serious environmental problem into a valuable source of water and nutrients. In this review, several studies based on the OMW treatment are critically discussed, from conventional approaches such as the physical (e.g. centrifugation, filtration, and adsorption) and biological (anaerobic digestion and anaerobic co-digestion) processes, to the most recent technologies such as advanced membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and sulfate radical based AOPs (SR-AOPs). Due to the complexity of the effluent, OMW cannot be efficiently treated by a single process, requiring a sequence of technologies before reaching the required characteristics for discharge into water courses or use in crop irrigation. Reviewing the published results in this matter, it seems that the sequence of processes encompassing ozonation, anaerobic digestion, and SR-AOPs could be the ideal combination for this purpose. However, membrane technologies may be necessary in the final stage of treatment so that the effluent meets legal discharge or irrigation limits.