木质纤维素生物炼制行业在目前的情况下发挥了重要作用。木质素是丰富且可利用的生物聚合物,并且是存在于木质纤维素废物中的化合物之一。因此,将木质素加工成新材料和纳米材料,比如nanolignin,引起了科学界的关注。木质素纳米颗粒是具有优异性能的材料,如生物降解性和无毒性,并具有作为螯合剂的巨大潜力,抗菌剂,紫外线防护剂,纳米填料,吸附剂,催化剂,超级电容器,乳液稳定剂,交付的系统,毒品,和基因携带者。这篇综述文章涵盖了nanolignin的紧急场景和科学兴趣的主要方面,如木质素的转化和功能化,木质纤维素废物的价值,和纳米粒子合成。根据一些作者提供的实验和商业数据库上的过程模拟,对纳米木素合成的生物精炼模型进行了技术经济评估。最后,技术经济评估得到了对各种纳米木素合成途径的生命周期评估的补充,这些途径报告了评估对环境的影响并支持了这一新兴技术的发展。
The lignocellulose biorefinery industry has assumed an important role within the current scenario. Lignin is an abundant and available biopolymer and one of the compounds present in the lignocellulosic waste. Therefore, processing lignin into new materials and nanomaterials, such as nanolignin, has attracted the attention of the scientific community. Lignin nanoparticles are materials that have excellent properties, such as biodegradability and non-toxicity, and have great potential as chelating agents, antimicrobials agents, UV protectors, nanofillers, adsorbents, catalysts, supercapacitors, emulsion stabilizers, delivered systems, drugs, and gene carriers. This review article covers the emergent scenario of nanolignin and the main aspects of scientific interest, such as the conversion and functionalization of lignin, the valorization of lignocellulose waste, and nanoparticle synthesis. A techno-economic evaluation of the biorefinery model of the nanolignin synthesis is presented based on the simulation of the process on the experimental and commercial databases available and reported by some authors. Finally, the techno-economic assessment is complemented by the life cycle assessment of various nanolignin synthesis pathways reported to evaluate the environmental implications and support this emergent technology development.