Rigid adherence to traditional male norms has been found to be associated with many health outcomes. This special issue aims to bring together biomedical and psychological researchers as a means to generate interest in integrating scientific approaches so as to advance the health of men and boys. In this guest editorial, the authors first provide a brief review of some key biological factors that contribute to sex differences in health. The editorial then introduces the ten articles included in this special issue, which focus on paternal influence on health-related behaviors; cancer; reproductive and sexual health; eating disorders; and health-related beliefs. Ultimately, by continuing to work across disciplines, those interested in the psychological study of men and masculinities can assist biomedical researchers in promoting better health outcomes.

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Aims: Left-ventricular-assist-devices (lvad) are an established treatment for patients with severe heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF) and reduce mortality. However, HF patients have significant substrate for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and the lvad itself might be pro-arrhythmogenic. We investigated the mechanism of VT in lvad-patients in relation to the underlying etiology and provide in silico and ex-vivo data for ablation in these HF patients. Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed invasive electrophysiological (EP) studies of 17 patients with VT and lvad. The mechanism of VT was determined using electroanatomical, entrainment and activation time mapping. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 70% of patients. VT originated from the lvad region in >30%. 1/6 patients with VT originating from the lvad region had episodes before lvad implantation, while 7/11 patients with VT originating from other regions had episodes before implantation. Number and time of radiofrequency (RF)-ablation lesions were not different between VTs originating from the lvad or other regions. Long-term freedom from VT was 50% upon ablation in patients with VT originating from the lvad region and 64% if ablation was conducted in other regions. To potentially preemptively mitigate lvad related VT in patients undergoing lvad implantation, we obtained in silico derived data and performed ex-vivo experiments targeting ventricular myocardium. Of the tested settings, application of 25 W for 30 s was safe and associated with optimal lesion characteristics. Conclusion: A significant percentage of patients with lvad undergoing VT ablation exhibit arrhythmia originating in close vicinity to the device and recurrence rates are high. Based on in silico and ex-vivo data, we propose individualized RF-ablation in selected patients at risk for/with lvad related VT.

The idea of translational medicine from \"laboratory to bedside\" has become more and more popular. The main purpose of translational medicine is to promote basic research to solve practical clinical problems and improve the level of clinical treatment. It is thus a whole new medical paradigm. However, the principle of \"bench to bedside\" still has some obvious deficiencies in the \"bench\" ring, whereas the subject of acupuncture and moxibustion is carried out in the \"bench\" ring relatively more systematic, but also does not achieve bench to bedside regression well. Nevertheless, as a bridge between basic research and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, translational medicine has constructed a data fusion channel between them. Our basic researchers should cooperate closely with clinical experts, exchange ideas, collide sparks of wisdom, and promote the leap-forward development of acupuncture and moxibustion.
转化医学实现从“实验室到病床边”的转化理念已日益深入人心，其主要目的是为了推动基础研究能够切实解决临床实际问题，提高临床医学治疗水平，是一种全新的医学范式。转化医学的“bench to bedside”原则在中医药领域的“bench”环还存在明显不足。而针灸学科却是在bench环中开展的相对较为系统的，但针灸同样并没有很好地实现“bench to bedside”的回归。尽管如此，转化医学作为针灸基础研究与临床实践之间的桥梁，建立了它们之间的数据融合通道。我们的基础研究工作者应与临床专家密切合作，交流思想，碰撞智慧的火花，推动针灸的跨越式发展。.

To study mental illness and health, in the past researchers have often broken down their complexity into individual subsystems (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, clinical data) and explored the components independently. Technological advancements and decreasing costs of high throughput sequencing has led to an unprecedented increase in data generation. Furthermore, over the years it has become increasingly clear that these subsystems do not act in isolation but instead interact with each other to drive mental illness and health. Consequently, individual subsystems are now analysed jointly to promote a holistic understanding of the underlying biological complexity of health and disease. Complementing the increasing data availability, current research is geared towards developing novel methods that can efficiently combine the information rich multi-omics data to discover biologically meaningful biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, clinical translation of the research is still challenging. In this review, we summarise conventional and state-of-the-art statistical and machine learning approaches for discovery of biomarker, diagnosis, as well as outcome and treatment response prediction through integrating multi-omics and clinical data. In addition, we describe the role of biological model systems and in silico multi-omics model designs in clinical translation of psychiatric research from bench to bedside. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and explore the application of multi-omics integration in future psychiatric research. The review provides a structured overview and latest updates in the field of multi-omics in psychiatry.

UNASSIGNED: This scoping review was undertaken to assess the current status of physician-scientists, including the challenges associated with their enrollment and retention, measures of success, and determinants of their satisfaction, all of which contribute to the dwindling numbers of physician-scientists aptly referred to as a \"leaking pipeline\" of physician-scientists.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 2555 research documents from three databases, viz. Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, were selected. A total of 40 documents were considered for final analysis following the 5-stage framework of Arksey and O\'Malle.
UNASSIGNED: Medical institutions should promote and sustain enrollments by addressing various perceived parameters of success and satisfaction. The challenge of attrition due to individual, regulatory, and sociocultural considerations also needs to be addressed.
UNASSIGNED: Medical institutions should focus on establishing well-documented career tracks with provisions for career advancement, promotion of team science, raising mentors, giving preference to students with peer-reviewed publications for post graduate (PG) admissions, and establishing a separate office for career development and guidance for physician-scientist. It is equally important to address the factors which promote retention and prevent attrition, viz. measures of success and determinants of satisfaction. Additional measures include creating a cadre of physician-scientists in government organizations, fostering collaboration of physician-scientists with incubation centers and startups, and adding additional mandatory curriculum components focused on project-based training.

The mission of the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) is to speed the development of drugs from discovery to approval to dissemination and implementation. The Medical University of South Carolina and the South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute host a NCATS funded predoctoral T32 training grant (TL1) with a focus on translational research. Doctoral (PhD) trainees working at the bench usually have limited opportunity for clinical interactions to gain a clinical perspective on the diseases that are the focus of their dissertation research. To provide TL1 trainees with an opportunity to see how their research could be translated into improved patient care, we developed a mentored clinical exposure experience named the Translational Sciences Clinic. Trainees spend one-half day a week in a clinic related to their basic science research for one semester interacting with patients and clinical mentors and discuss the most recent literature related to the patient\'s clinical problem with their clinical mentor. Trainees deemed the rotation to be one of the most rewarding experiences that they had as a part of their predoctoral training. Participating clinical mentors were also very enthusiastic and agreed that they would be willing to mentor similar trainees again.

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Widespread antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening the arsenal of existing antibiotics. Not only are antibiotics less likely to be effective today, but their extensive use continues to drive the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. A new-old antibacterial strategy with bacteriophages (phages) is under development, namely, phage therapy. Phages are targeted bacterial viruses with multiple antibacterial effector functions, which can reduce multidrug-resistant infections within the human body. This review summarizes recent phage therapy clinical trials and patient cases and outlines the fundamentals behind phage treatment strategies under development, mainly through bench-to-bedside approaches. We discuss the challenges that remain in phage therapy and the role of phages when combined with antibiotic therapy.
This narrative review presents the current knowledge and latest findings regarding phage therapy. Relevant case reports and research articles available through the Scopus and PubMed databases are discussed.
Although recent clinical data suggest the tolerability and, in some cases, efficacy of phage therapy, the clinical functionality still requires careful definition. The lack of well-controlled clinical trial data and complex regulatory frameworks have driven the most recent human data generation on a single-patient compassionate use basis. These cases often include the concomitant use of antibiotics, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of phages alone. However, human data support using antibiotics as phage potentiators and resistance breakers; thus, phage adjuvants are a promising avenue for near-term clinical development. Current knowledge gaps exist on the appropriate routes of administration, phage selection, frequency of administration, dosage, phage resistance, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the phages. In addition, we highlight that some phage therapies have mild adverse effects in patients.
Although more translational research is needed before the clinical implementation is feasible, phage therapy may well be pivotal in safeguarding humans against antibiotic-resistant infections.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a natural sequela in advanced prostate cancer following resistance to standard treatment regimes, where patients develop with rising PSA, bone pains, and high disease volume. Further palliative treatment is the need of the hour for ensuring disease control and quality of life. In recent times, many novel methods have been evolved for these patients. Endo-radioligand therapy with Lutetium 177 prostate-specific membrane antigen 617 (Lu-177 PSMA) based on the Theranostic concept has emerged as a promising tool among these. We present here the current status of Lu177-PSMA for mCRPC patient and future directions.