■欧盟对磺胺类等抗菌物质没有立法规定蜂蜜中的最大残留限量,他们是不允许的,因此,用于治疗蜜蜂,除非在级联系统中。由于磺胺类药物被非法用于养蜂业,它们的残留物可以在蜂蜜和其他养蜂产品中找到,包括蜂蜡。该研究旨在评估含有10种磺酰胺(磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)残留物的蜂蜡对蜂蜜的污染,磺胺多辛(SDX),磺胺甲氧嘧啶(SMM),磺胺甲恶唑(SMX),硫度计(SMT),磺胺嘧啶(SMZ),磺胺嘧啶(SMR),磺胺嘧啶(SDA),磺胺噻唑(STZ)和磺乙酰胺(SCA))。
■评估了10,000μg/kg的10种磺酰胺强化的蜡基基础的磺酰胺浓度,然后将其放入蜂箱中,以便蜜蜂(ApismelliferaL.)可以用它们建立蜂巢。一个月后,从蜂箱中取出了带盖的蜂蜜框,并从中取样了蜂蜜。随后将蜂窝在实验室中在35°C下孵育五个月,蜂蜜每月取样一次.使用液相色谱-串联质谱法测量蜂蜜磺酰胺浓度,并将其与蜡基粉底浓度进行比较。
■最大限度地转移到蜂蜜的初始量的SDM,SDX,SMM,SMX,SMT,SMZ,SMR,SDA,蜡基基础中的STZ和SCA分别为42.6、34.3、31.7、30.1、29.5、25.2、18.7、16.1、9.5和8.6%,分别。
■这项研究表明,每种测试的磺酰胺都可以从被抗菌污染的蜂窝中的蜂蜡迁移到蜂蜜中,SDM具有最高的迁移潜力,SCA最低。
UNASSIGNED: No maximum residue limits in honey have been legislated in the EU for antimicrobial substances such as sulphonamides, and they are not permitted, therefore, for treating honey bees unless in a cascade system. Since sulphonamides are used illegally in apiculture to treat foulbrood, their residues can be found in honey and other apiculture products, including
beeswax. The study aimed to assess the contamination of honey from
beeswax containing residues of 10 sulphonamides (sulphadimethoxine (SDM), sulphadoxine (SDX), sulphamonomethoxine (SMM), sulphamethoxazole (SMX), sulphameter (SMT), sulphamethazine (SMZ), sulphamerazine (SMR), sulphadiazine (SDA), sulphathiazole (STZ) and sulphacetamide (SCA)).
UNASSIGNED: Wax-based foundations fortified with 10 sulphonamides at 10,000 μg/kg were evaluated for sulphonamide concentrations and then placed in a beehive so that honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) could build honeycombs with them. Frames of capped honey were taken out of the hives one month later and honey was sampled from them. The honeycombs were subsequently incubated in a laboratory at 35°C for five months, and honey was sampled monthly. The honey sulphonamide concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared to the wax-based foundation concentrations.
UNASSIGNED: The maximum transfers to honey of the initial amount of SDM, SDX, SMM, SMX, SMT, SMZ, SMR, SDA, STZ and SCA in the wax-based foundations were 42.6, 34.3, 31.7, 30.1, 29.5, 25.2, 18.7, 16.1, 9.5 and 8.6%, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrated that every tested sulphonamide could migrate from
beeswax in antimicrobial-tainted honeycombs to honey, SDM having the highest migration potential and SCA the lowest.