对于不动的患者,有时在床上洗澡是唯一的选择。传统上,床浴用水和肥皂进行。然而,替代品越来越多地用于医疗保健。无水洗涤是一种这样的替代方案,声称它提供了几个优点。如改善卫生和皮肤状况。本系统综述旨在全面概述与传统床浴相比,无水洗涤概念的结果。
通过CINAHL系统文献检索收集了1994年以后发表的关于无水洗涤结果的对照试验,Embase,MEDLINE,并在2月25日发布,2016年。此外,检索参考文献和引文,并联系专家.如果(1)研究设计包括与传统床浴相比,为全身清洗开发的无水产品洗涤结果,则研究符合资格。和(2)他们是对照试验。两名研究人员独立使用标准化的质量清单来评估合格研究的方法学质量。最后,结果分为(1)与卫生和皮肤状况相关的生理结果,(2)利益相关者相关成果,(3)数据综合中的组织成果。
在经过全文筛选的33篇潜在相关文章中,6项研究符合资格标准.只有两项研究(同一研究组)被认为是高质量的。这些高质量研究的结果表明,在皮肤异常和沐浴完整性方面,没有水的洗涤比传统的床上沐浴表现更好。在与显著皮肤病变相关的结果中,不用水洗涤和传统的床上浴之间没有发现差异。在高质量的研究中,沐浴过程中的阻力和成本。
有有限的中等到高质量的证据表明,不用水的洗涤并不逊色于传统的床浴。未来的研究不用水洗涤是需要的,应该特别注意成本,卫生,以及与利益相关者相关的结果,例如患者的经验和价值观,护理人员和家庭。
For immobile patients, a body wash in bed is sometimes the only bathing option. Traditionally, the bed bath is performed with water and soap. However, alternatives are increasingly used in health care. Washing without water is one such alternative that has been claimed to offer several advantages, such as improved hygiene and skin condition. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence on outcomes of the washing without water concept compared to the traditional bed bath.
Controlled trials about washing without water outcomes published after 1994 were collected by means of a systematic literature search in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PUBMED at the 25th of February, 2016. Additionally, references and citations were searched and experts contacted. Studies were eligible if (1) the study designs included outcomes of washing without water products developed for the full body wash compared to the traditional bed bath, and (2) they were controlled trials. Two researchers independently used a standardized quality checklist to assess the methodological quality of the eligible studies. Finally, outcomes were categorized in (1) physiological outcomes related to hygiene and skin condition, (2) stakeholder-related outcomes, and (3) organizational outcomes in the data synthesis.
Out of 33 potentially relevant articles subjected to full text screening, six studies met the eligibility criteria. Only two studies (of the same research group) were considered of high quality. The results of these high quality studies show that washing without water performed better than the traditional bed bath regarding skin abnormalities and bathing completeness. No differences between washing without water and the traditional bed bath were found for outcomes related to significant skin lesions, resistance during bathing and costs in the studies of high quality.
There is limited moderate to high quality evidence that washing without water is not inferior to the traditional bed bath. Future research on washing without water is needed and should pay special attention to costs, hygiene, and to stakeholder-related outcomes, such as experiences and value perceptions of patients, nursing staff and family.