■粗大运动协调(GMC)在儿童的运动发育和日常活动中起着至关重要的因素。它包括各种子能力,比如空间取向,节奏,和马达反应,统称为基本协调能力(BCC)。然而,超重和肥胖(OW/OB)的儿童通常表现出较差的GMC.本研究旨在研究性别和体重状况(BMI类别)对儿童GMC和BCC的影响。它还试图调查BCC和BMI对GMC的影响。
■这项研究涉及266名参与者,NW组135个(男孩:n=75;女孩:n=60),OW/OB组131个(男孩:n=68;女孩:n=63)。NW状态由≥-2SD至≤1SD之间的BMIz评分定义,而OW/OB状态对应于BMIz分数>1SD。身体活动使用儿童身体活动问卷进行评估,由萨斯喀彻温大学开发,加拿大。我们使用了六个现场测试来评估BCC,包括单腿站立试验(静态平衡),YBT(动态平衡),有节奏的冲刺测试(节奏),反应时间测试(电机反应),目标站立广泛测试(动觉分化),和编号药球运行测试(空间定向)。GMC采用Kiphard-Schilling身体协调性测试(KTK)进行评估。
■运动商(MQ)主要受体重状态影响(F=516.599,p<0.001;性别:F=6.694,p=0.01),无显著交互效应(F=0.062,p=0.803)。在BCC中,性别对节律性容量(F=29.611,p<0.001)和静态平衡(F=11.257,p=0.001)有显著的主效应,但对其他亚容量无显著影响(p>0.05)。体重状态影响动态平衡(F=11.164,p=0.001)。性别和体重状态的交互作用显著影响运动反应(F=1.471,p=0.024)和动觉分化(F=5.454,p=0.02),但不影响其他亚容量(p>0.05)。体力活动受性别影响不显著(F=0.099,p=0.753),体重状态(F=0.171,p=0.679)和两个变量的相互作用(F=0.06,p=0.806)。在回归分析中,除了运动反应(p>0.05),其他BCC亚容量在不同程度上影响了GMC(β=-0.103-0.189,p<0.05)。尽管如此,BMI与GMC之间只有两种类型的平衡显着介导了BMI与GMC之间的关系(BMI→MQ:β=-0.543,p<0.001;BMI→YBT:β=-0.315,p<0.001;BMI→SLS:β=-0.282,p<0.001;SLS→MQ:β=0.189,p<0.001;YBT→MQ:β=0.182,p<0.001)。
■与性别相比,体重状态对大多数GMC和BCC亚容量的主要影响更为明显。OW/OB儿童表现出较差的GMC,这与它们由于超重而减少的静态和动态平衡有关。动觉分化,空间取向,和节律能力与BMI没有显着相关,但这些子能力对粗大运动协调(GMC)有积极影响,除了手眼运动反应。
UNASSIGNED: Gross motor coordination (GMC) plays a crucial factor in children\'s motor development and daily activities. It encompasses various sub-capacities, such as spatial orientation, rhythm, and motor reaction, collectively referred to as basic coordination capacities (BCC). However, children who are overweight and obese (OW/OB) often display poorer GMC. This study aims to examine the impact of gender and weight status (BMI categories) on children\'s GMC and BCC. It also seeks to investigate the impact of BCC and BMI on GMC.
UNASSIGNED: The study involved 266 participants, 135 in the NW group (boys: n = 75; girls: n = 60) and 131 in the OW/OB group (boys: n = 68; girls: n = 63). An NW status is defined by a BMI z-score between ≥-2SD to ≤1SD, while an OW/OB status corresponds to a BMI z-score > 1SD. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children, developed by the University of Saskatchewan, Canada. We used six field tests to evaluate BCC, including single leg standing test (static
balance), YBT (dynamic
balance), rhythmic sprint test (rhythm), reaction time test (motor reaction), target standing broad test (kinesthetic differentiation), and numbered medicine ball running test (spatial orientation). GMC was evaluated with Kiphard-Schilling\'s Body Coordination Test (KTK).
UNASSIGNED: The motor quotient (MQ) was primarily affected by weight status (F = 516.599, p < 0.001; gender: F = 6.694, p = 0.01), with no significant interaction effect (F = 0.062, p = 0.803). In BCC, gender had a significant main effect on rhythm capacity (F = 29.611, p < 0.001) and static balance (F = 11.257, p = 0.001) but did not significant influence other sub-capacities (p > 0.05). Weight status impacted dynamic
balance (F = 11.164, p = 0.001). The interaction of gender and weight status significantly impacted motor reaction (F = 1.471, p = 0.024) and kinesthetic differentiation (F = 5.454, p = 0.02), but did not affect other sub-capacities (p > 0.05). The physical activity was not significant affected by gender (F = 0.099, p = 0.753), weight status (F = 0.171, p = 0.679) and the interactions of two variables (F = 0.06, p = 0.806). In the regression analysis, except motor reaction (p > 0.05), other BCC sub-capacities influenced GMC to varying extents (β = -0.103-0.189, p < 0.05). Nonetheless, only two types of
balance significantly mediated the relationship between BMI and GMC (BMI→MQ: β = -0.543, p < 0.001; BMI→YBT: β = -0.315, p < 0.001; BMI→SLS: β = -0.282, p < 0.001; SLS→MQ: β = 0.189, p < 0.001; YBT→MQ: β = 0.182, p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Compared to gender, the main effect of weight status on most GMC and BCC\'s sub-capacities was more pronounced. OW/OB children exhibited poorer GMC, which is related to their reduced static and dynamic
balance due to excess weight. Kinesthetic differentiation, spatial orientation, and rhythm capacity are not significantly associated with BMI, but these sub-capacities positively influence gross motor coordination (GMC), except for hand-eye motor reaction.