微生物具有巨大的代谢能力,可以适应各种各样的环境;因此,他们与癌症有着复杂的关系。基于微生物的癌症治疗的目标是治疗不容易治疗的癌症患者,通过使用肿瘤特异性感染性微生物。然而,由于化疗的有害影响,遇到了许多困难,放射治疗,和癌症替代疗法,如对非癌细胞的毒性,药物无法穿透深层肿瘤组织,以及肿瘤细胞耐药性不断上升的问题。由于这些困难,现在更需要设计靶向肿瘤细胞时更有效和更有选择性的替代策略.由于癌症免疫疗法,对抗癌症的斗争取得了显著进展。研究人员从他们对肿瘤入侵免疫细胞的理解以及专门针对癌症的免疫反应中受益匪浅。细菌和病毒癌症治疗剂的应用提供了在免疫疗法中用作癌症治疗的有希望的潜力。作为一种新颖的治疗策略,已经创建了肿瘤的微生物靶向以解决癌症治疗的持续障碍。本文概述了细菌和病毒靶向和抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的机制。他们正在进行的临床试验以及将来可能进行的修改也在以下部分中进行了讨论。这些基于微生物的癌症药物能够抑制在肿瘤微环境中积聚和繁殖的癌症,并引发抗肿瘤免疫反应。与其他癌症药物相反。
Microbes have an immense metabolic capability and can adapt to a wide variety of environments; as a result, they share complicated relationships with cancer. The goal of microbial-based cancer therapy is to treat patients with cancers that are not easily treatable, by using tumor-specific infectious microorganisms. Nevertheless, a number of difficulties have been encountered as a result of the harmful effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies, such as the toxicity to non-cancerous cells, the inability of medicines to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and the ongoing problem of rising drug resistance in tumor cells. Due to these difficulties, there is now a larger need for designing alternative strategies that are more effective and selective when targeting tumor cells. The fight against cancer has advanced significantly owing to cancer immunotherapy. The researchers have greatly benefited from their understanding of tumor-invading immune cells as well as the immune responses that are specifically targeted against cancer. Application of bacterial and viral cancer therapeutics offers promising potential to be employed as cancer treatments among immunotherapies. As a novel therapeutic strategy, microbial targeting of tumors has been created to address the persisting hurdles of cancer treatment. This review outlines the mechanisms by which both bacteria and viruses target and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Their ongoing clinical trials and possible modifications that can be made in the future have also been addressed in the following sections. These microbial-based cancer medicines have the ability to suppress cancer that builds up and multiplies in the tumor microenvironment and triggers antitumor immune responses, in contrast to other cancer medications.