耳鸣是一种普遍的听力损失缺陷,表现为幻影(由大脑内部产生)声音,其在大多数患病的人中作为高频音调被听到。慢性耳鸣使人衰弱,导致痛苦,睡眠剥夺,焦虑,甚至自杀的想法.从理论上讲,在大多数患病的人中,耳鸣可以归因于从耳蜗到听觉皮层的高频输入的损失,被称为脱脂。听力损失导致的失功随着年龄的增长而发展,这逐渐导致丢失的高频编码的色调区域编码同步,导致幻影的高频声音感觉。证明有希望的耳鸣修复方法包括抑制性药物,使用耳鸣特定的频率陷波来增加对去神经神经元的侧向抑制,和多感官方法(听觉-运动和视听),通过将多感官刺激耦合到去神经的神经群体来工作。这篇评论的目的是提出一种多感官方法来治疗耳鸣的理论框架。我们的理论框架认为,由于视觉的调节作用(抑制性,兴奋性)对听觉通路的影响,长期从事视听活动,尤其是在日常话语中,与仅听觉活动/话语相反,可以逐步重组去神经的神经群体,导致去神经神经元的同步性降低,耳鸣严重程度随时间降低。
Tinnitus is a prevalent hearing-loss deficit manifested as a phantom (internally generated by the brain) sound that is heard as a high-frequency tone in the majority of afflicted persons. Chronic tinnitus is debilitating, leading to distress, sleep deprivation, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts. It has been theorized that, in the majority of afflicted persons, tinnitus can be attributed to the loss of high-frequency input from the cochlea to the auditory cortex, known as deafferentation. Deafferentation due to hearing loss develops with aging, which progressively causes tonotopic regions coding for the lost high-frequency coding to synchronize, leading to a phantom high-frequency sound sensation. Approaches to tinnitus remediation that demonstrated promise include inhibitory drugs, the use of tinnitus-specific frequency notching to increase lateral inhibition to the deafferented neurons, and multisensory approaches (auditory-motor and audiovisual) that work by coupling multisensory stimulation to the deafferented neural populations. The goal of this review is to put forward a theoretical framework of a multisensory approach to remedy tinnitus. Our theoretical framework posits that due to vision\'s modulatory (inhibitory, excitatory) influence on the auditory pathway, a prolonged engagement in audiovisual activity, especially during daily discourse, as opposed to auditory-only activity/discourse, can progressively reorganize deafferented neural populations, resulting in the reduced synchrony of the deafferented neurons and a reduction in tinnitus severity over time.