Cancers account for many deaths worldwide and natural compounds and their derivatives are interesting chemotherapeutic agents for cancer drug development. In this study, a natural compound 3,3\'4-trimethoxy-4\'-rutinosylellagic acid (TR2) and its acetylated derivative 3,3\'4-trimethoxy-4\'-hexaacetylrutinosylellagic acid (TR22) were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticancer effects against estrogen sensitive (MCF-7) and estrogen non-sensitive (MDA-MB 231) breast adenocarcinoma. In the β-Carotene-linoleic acid assay, DPPH• radical scavenging and CUPRAC assay, the compound TR2 had better activity than the standard α-Tocopherol, while in the ABTS•+ assay, it was more active than both standards α- α-Tocopherol and BHA. Both compounds had good antioxidant effects with TR2 being more active than TR22. Both compounds inhibited growth of breast carcinoma cells when compared to the untreated controls after 72 h. Compound TR22 significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited proliferation of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast carcinoma cell lines suggesting that acetylation reaction improves inhibition of breast cancer cells growth. On the contrary, TR2 exhibited better inhibitory effect of clone formation than TR22 suggesting that acetylation reduces the activity in this assay. Both compounds inhibited migration of the cancer cells when compared to the untreated control cells and compound TR2 exhibited greater cellular anti-migration effect than TR22 at the same concentration and after the same period of incubation. Molecular docking studies supplemented the results and revealed that TR2 and TR22 had appreciable interactions with tyrosine kinase with negative binding energies suggesting that they are potent receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors which can impede on cancer progression.

Molybdenum (Mo), an essential mineral, plays a key role in the vital activity of the organism. However, excess Mo in the forage will cause loss of appetite, diarrhea, emaciation, bone injury, joint abnormalities, and anemia in animals. In order to study molybdenosis in the Procapra picticaudata in the animal rescue center, samples of soils, forages, blood, and liver were collected. The mineral contents of all samples were determined, and the blood parameters were also measured. The results showed that the Mo level in the soil and forage in the animal rescue center was significantly higher than that in healthy pastures (p < 0.01). The Mo concentrations in the blood and liver in the P. picticaudata from the animal rescue center were also noticeably higher than those in healthy animals (p < 0.01). The level of Cu in the blood and liver were noticeably lower than those in healthy P. picticaudata (p < 0.01). The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT) were significantly lower than those in healthy animals. Supplementing copper sulfate (CuSO4) could significantly decrease the Mo content in the blood, and cure molybdenosis. In summary, the excessive Mo content in the soil and forage in the animal rescue center had greatly affected physiological parameters and antioxidant capacity. It is likely that the molybdenosis of the P. picticaudata is caused by the high Mo contents in soils and forages. CuSO4 may alleviate molybdenosis in P. picticaudata.

OBJECTIVE: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. We investigated the dual health ability of DHA to modulate gut microbiota in children with obesity and to exert anti-inflammatory activity on human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
METHODS: In a pilot study involving 18 obese children (8-14 years), participants received a daily DHA supplement (500 mg/day) and dietary intervention from baseline (T0) to 4 months (T1), followed by dietary intervention alone from 4 months (T1) to 8 months (T2). Fecal samples, anthropometry, biochemicals and dietary assessment were collected at each timepoint. At preclinical level, we evaluated DHA\'s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells stimulated with Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), by measuring also Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and cytokines, respectively.
RESULTS: Ten children were included in final analysis. No major changes were observed for anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and participants showed a low dietary compliance at T1 and T2. DHA supplementation restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio that was conserved also after the DHA discontinuation at T2. DHA supplementation drove a depletion in Ruminococcaceae and Dialisteraceae, and enrichment in Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Akkermansiaceae. At genus level, Allisonella was the most decreased by DHA supplementation. In Caco-2 cells, DHA decreased H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production via iNOS pathway modulation. Additionally, DHA modulated proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine production in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells.
CONCLUSIONS: An improvement in gut dysbiosis of children with obesity seems to be triggered by DHA and to continue after discontinuation. The ability to modulate gut microbiota, matches also with an anti-inflammatory effect of DHA on Caco-2 cells.

BACKGROUND: Selenium is a trace element crucial for thyroid function, and has potential therapeutic benefits in Graves\' orbitopathy (GO). Therefore, we aim to evaluate its efficacy and safety in GO patients to provide valuable insights into its role as a therapeutic option for this condition.
METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: GO Patients treated with selenium compared to placebo.
METHODS: Clinical activity score (CAS), Graves\' orbitopathy quality of life (GO-QOL), eye symptoms and signs, and adverse events.
RESULTS: Out of 1684 records screened, four randomised controlled trials were included. Selenium was superior at 6 months in lowering the CAS (MD = -1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.68, -0.85], p < .0001]), improving total GO-QOL (RR = 2.54, 95% CI [1.69-3.81], p < .00001), and improving the visual and the psychological functioning scores (MD = 10.84, 95% CI [4.94-16.73], p = .003), (MD = 12.76, 95% CI [8.51-17.00], p < .00001) respectively. Similarly, it significantly improved these outcomes at 12 months. It also showed a significant decrease in the palpebral aperture at 6 months (MD = -1.49, 95% CI [-2.90, -0.08], p = .04). However, no significant differences were observed in proptosis, soft tissue involvement, ocular motility, and adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Selenium is effective in reducing CAS and improving the palpebral aperture and GO-QOL in patients with GO. Additionally, it is safe and has promising therapeutic implications. However, further research is needed to validate its long-term efficacy and safety.

UNASSIGNED: The morbidity and mortality of acute ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy in newborns have not been dramatically modified over the last 20 years. The purpose of this review is to describe the use of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) in the management of acute ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy in newborns.
UNASSIGNED: A review of the medical literature was conducted on the use of HBOT in the pathophysiology of this condition and its impact on outcomes of patients treated at an early stage.
UNASSIGNED: When HBOT is administered promptly, it can promote the survival of the penumbra, modulate the cytokine storm, modify inflammatory cascades, restore mitochondrial function, inhibit apoptosis, reinstate cellular communication and cytoskeleton function, reinstall the functioning of the kinase system, reduce cytotoxic and tissue edema, promote microcirculation, and provide an antioxidant effect. All these secondary mechanisms aid in saving, rescuing, and protecting the marginal tissue.
UNASSIGNED: When used promptly, HBOT is a non-invasive adjunct treatment that can preserve the marginal tissue affected by ischemia, hypoxia, meet the metabolic needs of the penumbra, reduce inflammatory cascades, prevent the extension of the damaged tissue, and modulate ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.), a deciduous solanaceous shrub, were subjected to extraction using five solvents (water, 50% and 70% ethanol, and 50% and 70% methanol) and dried using two methods: freeze drying (FD) and spray drying (SD). To investigate the chemical properties of these various goji berry powders, an examination was conducted on the content of volatile compounds, betaine, antioxidant effect, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) (p < 0.05). The total volatile compound content was highest in SD powder with 50% ethanol extract, showing a 66.7% increase over the control. The betaine content was in the range of 9.25-31.9 mg/g dry weight, and it exhibited a significant increase with higher water concentration in the extraction solvent. Betaine, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds showed a significant increase in the sequence of SD followed by FD (p < 0.05). Overall, the SD sample showed superior benefits when evaluating volatile compounds, betaine, and antioxidant effect. SD was more suitable for drying goji berry, as it retains its appearance and biological activity.

Antioxidants are among the common components of sports nutrition designed to counteract oxidative stress that develops during intense physical activity. One of the promising antioxidants are anthocyanins which belong to polyphenolic compounds of plant origin (class of flavonoids). The purpose of the research was to analyze the results of prospective controlled studies on the effect of anthocyanins on physical performance, and to consider the possible molecular mechanisms of their action. Material and methods. Sources were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka databases of peer-reviewed scientific literature without restrictions on the year of publication using the following keywords: anthocyanins, physical performance, recovery, sport and exercise nutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation. Results. The main data set on the effects of anthocyanins in athletes was obtained using extracts of blackcurrant and Montmorency tart cherry. Volunteers received anthocyanins at a dose of 86-547 mg per day for 1 to 10 days with subsequent evaluation of their performance in cycling, running and fitness activities. The possibility of favorable effect of anthocyanins on physical performance and acceleration of its recovery after exertion has been shown. The source, dose and duration of intake did not significantly influence the established effects of anthocyanins. Acting as exogenous regulators of metabolism, anthocyanins can activate several mechanisms of performance enhancement, including influence on antioxidant and immune status and apoptosis intensity. Anthocyanins prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species, neutralize electrophilic compounds by direct interaction or through activation of Nrf2 factor, which regulates the transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes. The basis of the anti-inflammatory action of anthocyanins is their ability to inhibit MARK and NF-κB mediated signal transduction. Inclusion of bilberry and blackcurrant extract in the diet prevented the intensification of myocyte apoptosis and suppression of cellular immunity induced by exhausting exercise. An additional mechanism of anthocyanin action on physical performance may be an increase in blood supply of organs and tissues due to vascular dilation caused by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Conclusion. The intake of plant extracts with a high anthocyanin content can increase physical performance and improve recovery after physical exertion, which may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins, their ability to regulate apoptosis processes and improve blood supply to organs and tissues.

Nitrosyl iron complexes are remarkably multifactorial pharmacological agents. These compounds have been proven to be particularly effective in treating cardiovascular and oncological diseases. We evaluated and compared the antioxidant activity of tetranitrosyl iron complexes (TNICs) with thiosulfate ligands and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with glutathione (DNIC-GS) or phosphate (DNIC-PO4-) ligands in hemoglobin-containing systems. The studied effects included the production of free radical intermediates during hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, oxidative modification of Hb, and antioxidant properties of nitrosyl iron complexes. Measuring luminol chemiluminescence revealed that the antioxidant effect of TNICs was higher compared to DNIC-PO4-. DNIC-GS either did not exhibit antioxidant activity or exerted prooxidant effects at certain concentrations, which might have resulted from thiyl radical formation. TNICs and DNIC-PO4- efficiently protected the Hb heme group from decomposition by organic hydroperoxides. DNIC-GS did not exert any protective effects on the heme group; however, it abolished oxoferrylHb generation. TNICs inhibited the formation of Hb multimeric forms more efficiently than DNICs. Thus, TNICs had more pronounced antioxidant activity than DNICs in Hb-containing systems.

The hydrogen molecule can effectively regulate plant growth and development, improving plant resistance to abiotic stresses. However, studies regarding the optimal concentration of hydrogen and the associated mechanisms of action in organisms are lacking. This study showed that the maximum germination rate of radish seeds decreased from 90 % to 50 % under the stress of cadmium ions (Cd2+), and hydrogen nanobubble (NB) water significantly alleviated the stress effect of Cd2+ on radish seed germination. A hydrogen concentration of 0.8 ppm had the best effect, reducing Cd2+ accumulation in radish seeds by 63.23 % and increasing the maximum germination rate from 50 % to 65 %. At concentrations exceeding 1.2 ppm, the beneficial effect of hydrogen was weakened or even reversed. Consequently, we integrated the concept of the oxidative window into a REDOX balance model and demonstrated that an appropriate hydrogen concentration can effectively maintain the REDOX state within organisms. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that hydrogen NB water modulated Cd2+ absorption and accumulation in seeds by regulating cell wall components, alleviating oxidative stress through oxidoreductase activity, and enhancing nutrient synthesis and metabolism. This collectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on seed germination. This study is helpful for further understanding the effect of hydrogen concentration on the REDOX balance of seed germination, providing a theoretical basis for selecting hydrogen concentration to improve its effectiveness in agricultural fields.

Yeokwisan (YWS) is an herbal medicine prescription consisting of six oriental herbal medicines, developed to treat reflux esophagitis. We focused on developing an analytical method capable of simultaneously quantifying 13 compounds in YWS samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and exploring their antioxidant effects. All compounds examined in both analytical systems were chromatographically separated on a SunFireTM C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column and an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column using gradient elution of a water-acetonitrile mobile phase. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS tests) and ferrous ion chelating activity. In two analytical methods, the coefficient of determination of the regression equation was ≥0.9965, the recovery range was 81.11-108.21% (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 9.33%), and the precision was RSD ≤ 11.10%. Application of the optimized analysis conditions gave quantitative analysis results for YWS samples of 0.02-100.36 mg/g. Evaluation of the antioxidant effects revealed that baicalein and baicalin exhibit significant antioxidant activity, suggesting that they play an important role in the antioxidant effects of YWS.