啮齿动物管理涉及使用抗凝血杀鼠剂(ARs)。这种使用导致了Vkorc1基因中许多抗性等位基因的选择,编码ARs的目标酶。在非洲,虽然啮齿动物是一个主要问题,因为它们运输和传播人畜共患病原体以及对作物的损害,ARs的使用和抗性等位基因的传播记录很少。我们试图在非洲最大的国家之一乍得解决这两个问题。由于这个位置位于中部和北部非洲的十字路口,乍得是许多非洲国家的代表。使用在乍得最大的6个城市收集的由侵袭性和地方性啮齿动物组成的近300只啮齿动物的样本,通过在肝脏中的定量分析ARs的暴露;通过Vkorc1测序分析AR抗性等位基因的传播。我们展示了在乍得城市中使用两代ARs,并报告了44纳塔尔的Vkorc1的总测序,并检测了两种不同的单倍型,对其他2种特有啮齿动物的Vkorc1进行测序,Kollmannspergeri和A.niloticus,最后检测到三个新的错义突变,V29E,V69E,R.rattus中的D127V。可能与抗AR相关。这些结果应该为非洲啮齿动物种群的合理管理提供依据,以避免ARs抗性等位基因的传播。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
Rodent management involves the use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). This use has resulted in the selection of numerous resistance alleles in the Vkorc1 gene, encoding the target enzyme of ARs. In Africa, although rodents are a major problem as a consequence of their transport and transmission of zoonotic pathogens, and damage to crops, the use of ARs and the spread of resistance alleles are poorly documented. We attempted to address both issues in Chad which is one of the largest countries in Africa. Owing to its location at the crossroads of central and northern Africa, Chad is representative of many African countries.
METHODS: Using a sampling of nearly 300 rodents composed of invasive and endemic rodents collected in six of Chad\'s largest cities, exposure to ARs was analyzed by their quantification in the liver; the spread of AR resistance alleles was analyzed by Vkorc1 sequencing.
RESULTS: We demonstrate the use of both ARs generations in Chadian cities and report the total sequencing of the Vkorc1 for 44 Mastomys natalensis with detection of two different haplotypes, the sequencing of the Vkorc1 for two other endemic rodent species, M. kollmannspergeri and Arvicanthis niloticus, and finally the detection of three new missense mutations - V29E, V69E and D127V - in R. rattus, potentially associated with resistance to ARs.
CONCLUSIONS: These results should argue for the implementation of a reasoned management of rodent populations in Africa to avoid the spread of ARs resistance alleles. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.