纳米多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)是一维纳米材料合成的重要模板。它在各种情况下用作纳米图案转移的蚀刻模板,包括纳米结构材料的合成,电传感器,光学传感器,光子和电子设备,光催化,和硬度和防腐改进。在这次审查中,我们专注于各种制造方法,孔隙几何形状修改,以及AAO的最新进展,以及与我们的环境相关的传感器应用,日常生活,和安全。孔隙几何形状与材料成分有关,施加电压的模具,电解质类型,温度,在AAOs的制造过程中以及调整其孔径和轮廓的阳极氧化时间。施加电压可分为四种类型:直流阳极氧化(DCA),反向脉冲阳极氧化,脉冲阳极氧化(PA),和混合脉冲阳极氧化(HPA)。常规AAO是在相对较低的温度(-5〜15°C)下使用DCA和轻度阳极氧化(MA)制造的,以降低焦耳热效应。此外,使用HPA可以改善昂贵的高纯度铝和长加工时间的问题,以减少20-30°C的相对高温下的焦耳热效应,并使用廉价的低纯度(≤99%)铝。这里讨论的基于AAO的传感器主要分为电传感器和光学传感器;两种传感器的性能都受到传感材料和孔隙几何形状的影响。电传感器通常用于湿度或气体测量应用,并且在表面上具有薄金属膜作为电极。相反,AAO光学传感器是一种众所周知的传感器,用于检测具有四种机制的各种物质:干扰,光致发光,表面等离子体共振,和表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)。特别是对于SERS机制,AAO可以用作用于涂覆金属纳米颗粒的固体载体或用于通过纳米孔沉积金属内容物以形成用于检测物质的纳米点或纳米线的模板。高性能传感器将在我们的生活环境中发挥至关重要的作用,并在未来提高我们的生活质量。
Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is an important template for 1D nanomaterial synthesis. It is used as an etching template for nanopattern transfer in a variety of contexts, including nanostructured material synthesis, electrical sensors, optical sensors, photonic and electronic devices, photocatalysis, and hardness and anticorrosion improvement. In this review, we focus on various fabrication methods, pore geometry modification, and recent advances of AAO, as well as sensor applications linked to our environment, daily life, and safety. Pore geometry is concerned with the material composition, applied voltage mold, electrolyte type, temperature, and anodizing time during the fabrication of AAOs and for adjusting their pore size and profile. The applied voltage can be divided into four types: direct current anodization (DCA), reverse pulse anodization, pulse anodization (PA), and hybrid pulse anodization (HPA). Conventional AAOs are fabricated using DCA and mild anodization (MA) at a relatively low temperature (-5~15 °C) to reduce the Joule heating effect. Moreover, the issues of costly high-purity aluminum and a long processing time can be improved using HPA to diminish the Joule heating effect at relatively high temperatures of 20-30 °C with cheap low-purity (≤99%) aluminum. The AAO-based sensors discussed here are primarily divided into electrical sensors and optical sensors; the performance of both sensors is affected by the sensing material and pore geometry. The electrical sensor is usually used for humidity or gas measurement applications and has a thin metal film on the surface as an electrode. On the contrary, the AAO optical sensor is a well-known sensor for detecting various substances with four kinds of mechanisms: interference, photoluminescence, surface plasma resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Especially for SERS mechanisms, AAO can be used either as a solid support for coating metal nanoparticles or a template for depositing the metal content through the nanopores to form the nanodots or nanowires for detecting substances. High-performance sensors will play a crucial role in our living environments and promote our quality of life in the future.