大肠杆菌,在人和动物宿主的胃肠道中发现的共生微生物,在农业和公共卫生中发挥着核心作用。全球对动物产品的需求促进了生猪养殖的增加,导致人们越来越担心猪群体中抗生素抗性大肠杆菌菌株的流行。应当指出,在猪管理中部署的抗生素中有很大一部分属于至关重要的抗生素(CIA)类别,应该保留给人类治疗应用。这项研究旨在描述抗生素耐药性的流行程度,遗传多样性,毒力特征,以及来自葡萄牙中部各个农场的健康猪中大肠杆菌菌株的生物膜形成。我们的研究揭示了高水平的抗生素耐药性,对四环素有抗药性,氨苄青霉素,妥布霉素,和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑.多药耐药性普遍存在,一些菌株对七种不同的抗生素有抗药性。ampC基因,对头孢菌素和氨苄青霉素的广谱耐药性负责,广泛传播,与磺胺类和β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药相关的基因也是如此。高风险克隆的存在,例如ST10、ST101和ST48,由于其增加的毒力和多药抗性谱而引起关注。关于生物膜的形成,观察到,在养猪环境中,生物膜的形成能力在不同的隔室之间存在显着差异。总之,我们的研究强调了在猪行业迫切需要监测和实施抗生素管理措施.这些措施对于保护公众健康至关重要,确保动物福利,面对全球对动物产品日益增长的需求,并支持养猪业。
Escherichia coli, a commensal microorganism found in the gastrointestinal tract of human and animal hosts, plays a central role in agriculture and public health. Global demand for animal products has promoted increased pig farming, leading to growing concerns about the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains in swine populations. It should be noted that a significant portion of antibiotics deployed in swine management belong to the critically important antibiotics (CIA) class, which should be reserved for human therapeutic applications. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity, virulence characteristics, and biofilm formation of E. coli strains in healthy pigs from various farms across central Portugal. Our study revealed high levels of antibiotic resistance, with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug resistance is widespread, with some strains resistant to seven different antibiotics. The ampC gene, responsible for broad-spectrum resistance to cephalosporins and ampicillin, was widespread, as were genes associated with resistance to sulfonamide and beta-lactam antibiotics. The presence of high-risk clones, such as ST10, ST101, and ST48, are a concern due to their increased virulence and multidrug resistance profiles. Regarding biofilm formation, it was observed that biofilm-forming capacity varied significantly across different compartments within pig farming environments. In conclusion, our study highlights the urgent need for surveillance and implementation of antibiotic management measures in the swine sector. These measures are essential to protect public health, ensure animal welfare, and support the swine industry in the face of the growing global demand for animal products.