目标:新的证据表明,必需的微量元素,包括碘,在抑郁症中起着至关重要的作用。这项研究调查了单独的产前饮食碘摄入量以及在怀孕期间与补充碘摄入量相结合是否与产前和产后抑郁和快感缺乏症状有关。方法:研究人群包括837名母亲,他们参与了代际应激机制(PRISM)研究。改良的BLOCK食物频率问卷用于估计产前饮食和补充碘摄入量,而10项爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)确定了抑郁症状。分析考虑了全球EPDS评分以及使用二分法截止的快感和抑郁症状子量表评分。Logistic回归估计比值比和95%置信区间(CIs)评估了妊娠中期碘摄入量与产后6个月抑郁和快感缺失症状之间的关系,考虑了单独的饮食摄入量以及饮食和补充摄入量的组合。结果:大多数女性是黑人/西班牙裔黑人(43%)和非黑人西班牙裔(35%),39%的人报告高中学历或以下。中位数(四分位数间距,IQR)黑人/西班牙裔黑人(198(115,337)µg/天)和非黑人西班牙裔女性(195(126,323)µg/天)的饮食和补充碘摄入量高于总体中位摄入量187(116,315)µg/天。相对于医学研究所建议的碘摄入量为160-220µg/天,摄入水平<100微克/天的女性,100-<160微克/天,>220-<400µg/天和≥400µg/天增加了产后6个月快感缺失症状的校正几率(aOR=1.74(95%CI:1.08,2.79),1.25(95%CI:0.80,1.99),1.31(95%CI:0.82,2.10),和1.47(95%CI:0.86,2.51),分别)。产后总体抑郁症状的相应估计相似,但幅度较小。结论:产前碘摄入量,是否低于或高于孕妇的建议水平,与更大的快感缺失症状密切相关,特别是在产后6个月。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现,因为饮食和补充碘的摄入量适合干预。
Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that essential trace elements, including iodine, play a vital role in depressive disorders. This study investigated whether prenatal dietary iodine intake alone and in combination with supplemental iodine intake during pregnancy were associated with antepartum and postpartum depressive and
anhedonia symptoms. Methods: The study population included 837 mothers in the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study. The modified BLOCK food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate prenatal dietary and supplemental iodine intake, while the 10-item Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) ascertained depressive symptoms. Analyses considered the global EPDS score and the
anhedonia and depressive symptom subscale scores using dichotomized cutoffs. Logistic regression estimating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessed associations of iodine intake in the second trimester of pregnancy and 6-month postpartum depressive and
anhedonia symptoms considering dietary intake alone and combined dietary and supplementary intake in separate models. Results: Most women were Black/Hispanic Black (43%) and non-Black Hispanics (35%), with 39% reporting a high school education or less. The median (interquartile range, IQR) dietary and supplemental iodine intake among Black/Hispanic Black (198 (115, 337) µg/day) and non-Black Hispanic women (195 (126, 323) µg/day) was higher than the overall median intake level of 187 (116, 315) µg/day. Relative to the Institute of Medicine recommended iodine intake level of 160-220 µg/day, women with intake levels < 100 µg/day, 100-<160 µg/day, >220-<400 µg/day and ≥400 µg/day had increased adjusted odds of 6-month postpartum
anhedonia symptoms (aOR = 1.74 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.79), 1.25 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.99), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.82, 2.10), and 1.47 (95% CI: 0.86, 2.51), respectively). The corresponding estimates for postpartum global depressive symptoms were similar but of smaller magnitude. Conclusions: Prenatal iodine intake, whether below or above the recommended levels for pregnant women, was most strongly associated with greater
anhedonia symptoms, particularly in the 6-month postpartum period. Further studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, as dietary and supplemental iodine intake are amenable to intervention.