UNASSIGNED: AMH is important in child growth and the concentrations change with age and gender. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Pylon AMH assays and establish pediatric reference intervals.
UNASSIGNED: The experiments on imprecision, sensitivity, linearity, reportable range, interference and comparison were carried out to evaluate the analytical performance. The AMH reference ranges were calculated in 238 females and 346 males aged 0-18 years using robust methods.
UNASSIGNED: The repeatability and the within-laboratory imprecision CVs of the assay were 3.7 % and 6.4 % at 2.25 ng/mL, and 4.6 % and 6.4 % at 15.49 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivity (LoB = 0.05 ng/mL, LoD = 0.1 ng/mL and LoQ = 0.3 ng/mL) was verified. The linearity was 0.1-19.55 ng/mL and report up to 391 ng/mL with 20x pre-dilution. There was no significant interference from hemoglobin (500 mg/dL), triglyceride (500 mg/dL), bilirubin (10 mg/dL), cholesterol (800 mg/dL) and biotin (3000 ng/mL). The AMH measured by the Pylon assays correlated to those measured by the Elecsys assays. In males, the AMH levels were high at birth (0 d-1 m: median 95.10 ng/mL) and increased to a peak (7 m-1y: median 158.80 ng/mL) before they decreased with age (15-18 y: median 6.31 ng/mL). In females, the AMH concentrations were low at birth (0 d-1 m: median 0.20 ng/mL) and increased with age (15-18 y: median 3.03 ng/mL).
UNASSIGNED: The Pylon AMH assays showed good analytical performance and the AMH reference intervals in chinese children determined may provide a basis in clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate changes in ovarian reserve and quality of life in women treated with ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) for uterine fibroids.
METHODS: In this single-center prospective study, a total of 69 patients with uterine fibroids treated with USgHIFU from October 2018 to November 2021 were enrolled. Fibroid volume, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, uterine fibroid symptom scores, and uterine fibroid symptoms and quality of life (UFS-QOL) questionnaire scores before and 1, 3, and 6 months after USgHIFU treatment were analyzed. Correlations between AMH levels and age, fibroid type, and fibroid location were assessed.
RESULTS: Data from 54 of the 69 patients included in the present study were analyzed. The UFS-QOL scores at baseline and at 1 month and 6 months after USgHIFU treatment were 70 (50.75-87.50), 57 (44.75-80.00), and 52 (40.75-69.00) points, respectively (p < 0.001). The rate of fibroid volume reduction increased significantly at the 3-month follow-up compared with the 1-month follow-up (p < 0.001), and no significant change was observed between the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups (p > 0.99). The median AMH levels before and at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment were 1.22 (0.16-3.28) ng/ml, 1.12 (0.18-2.52) ng/ml, 1.15 (0.19-2.08) ng/ml and 1.18 (0.36-2.43) ng/ml, respectively (p = 0.2). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that age was independently associated with AMH levels.
CONCLUSIONS: USgHIFU treatment for uterine fibroids can significantly improve quality of life with minimal adverse effects on ovarian function.

暂无摘要。

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a hormone produced by growing preantral and antral follicles of the ovary. AMH is accepted as an important biomarker for fertility and superovulation parameters in livestock species. This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum AMH level in the oestrous cycle, repeatability of AMH, the effect of age on serum AMH level and the effects of AMH on litter size in Romanov sheep. In the study, a total of 36 Romanov sheep were used as animal material. First blood samples (0th day) were collected from 36 ewes to evaluate AMH and progesterone levels. Second blood samples were collected randomly from 20 ewes 9 days after first sampling to compare AMH levels at two different periods of the oestrous cycle in Romanov ewes. The ewes were categorized into three groups as low, medium and high AMH based on their first AMH levels. Results indicated that serum AMH level did not change during the oestrous and dioestrous phases of the oestrous cycle and two random time points of the oestrous cycle (p > .05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there is a high (r = .95) and significant (p < .001) correlation between AMH levels at the 0th (AMH-1) and 9th (AMH-2) days. The effect of AMH level on litter size was found to be significant. Litter size was significantly higher in the high AMH group than in the low AMH group (p < .05). In addition, the age of ewes did not affect serum AMH levels (p > .05). ROC analysis indicates that AMH cut-off value >320 pg/mL with 70% sensitivity and 100% specificity can be used for litter size in Romanov ewes. In conclusion, AMH is highly repeatable and its serum AMH level did not change during the oestrous cycle in Romanov sheep. In addition, AMH affects litter size and can be reliably used as a marker for litter size in Romanov sheep.

BACKGROUND: An estimated 1 in 350 women carry germline BRCA1/2 mutations, which confer an increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, and may also contribute to subfertility. All mature, sex steroid-producing ovarian follicles are drawn from the pool of non-renewable primordial follicles, termed the \'ovarian reserve\'. The clinical implications of early ovarian reserve exhaustion extend beyond infertility, to include the long-term adverse health consequences of loss of endocrine function and premature menopause. We aimed to determine whether conditional loss of Brca1 in oocytes impacts ovarian follicle numbers, oocyte quality and fertility in mice with advancing maternal age. We also aimed to determine the utility of AMH as a marker of ovarian function, by assessing circulating AMH levels in mice and women with BRCA1/2 mutations, and correlating this with ovarian follicle counts.
METHODS: In this study, we addressed a longstanding question in the field regarding the functional consequences of BRCA1 inactivation in oocytes. To recapitulate loss of BRCA1 protein function in oocytes, we generated mice with conditional gene deletion of Brca1 in oocytes using Gdf9-Cre recombinase (WT: Brca1fl/flGdf9+/+; cKO: Brca1fl/flGdf9cre/+).
RESULTS: While the length of the fertile lifespan was not altered between groups after a comprehensive breeding trial, conditional loss of Brca1 in oocytes led to reduced litter size in female mice. Brca1 cKO animals had a reduced ovarian reserve and oocyte maturation was impaired with advanced maternal age at postnatal day (PN)300, compared to WT animals. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations (the gold-standard indirect marker of the ovarian reserve used in clinical practice) were not predictive of reduced primordial follicle number in Brca1 cKO mice versus WT. Furthermore, we found no correlation between follicle number or density and serum AMH concentrations in matched samples from a small cohort of premenopausal women with BRCA1/2 mutations.
CONCLUSIONS: Together, our data demonstrate that BRCA1 is a key regulator of oocyte number and quality in females and suggest that caution should be used in relying on AMH as a reliable marker of the ovarian reserve in this context.
BACKGROUND: This work was made possible through Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support and Australian Government NHMRC IRIISS. This work was supported by funding from the Australian Research Council (ALW - DE21010037 and KJH - FT190100265), as well as the National Breast Cancer Foundation (IIRS-22-092) awarded to ALW and KJH. LRA, YML, LT, EOKS and MG were supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarships. LRA, YML and LT were also supported by a Monash Graduate Excellence Scholarship. YC, SG and XC were supported by Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute PhD Scholarships. LRA was also supported by a Monash University ECPF24-6809920940 Fellowship. JMS was supported by NHMRC funding (2011299). MH was supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (1193838).

UNASSIGNED: Higher age-specific circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels have been linked to a lower risk of cardiometabolic outcomes. However, whether AMH has a casual role in the etiology of these diseases is unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to explore if circulating AMH levels have a causal effect on risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
UNASSIGNED: We used four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the most recent AMH GWAS meta-analysis as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for CAD (n = 149,752; 11,802 cases), ischemic stroke (n = 17,541; 4678 cases) and T2D (n = 464,389; 30,052 cases) were extracted from the UK Biobank, the Stroke Genetics Network, and DIAMANTE consortia, respectively. To assess the presence of potential pleiotropy we tested the association of the four AMH SNPs, both individually and combined in a weighted genetic risk score, with a range of cardiovascular risk factors and intermediate traits using UK Biobank data.
UNASSIGNED: MR estimates, i.e., inverse variance-weighted odds ratios ( OR IVW ), did not support a causal effect of circulating AMH levels on CAD ( OR IVW = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.95-1.35), ischemic stroke ( OR IVW = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.83-1.49), and T2D ( OR IVW = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87-1.10). After adjustment for multiple testing, we observed associations between genetically predicted AMH and age at menopause, and age at menarche, but not with intermediate traits on the causal pathway between AMH and cardiometabolic health, such as atherosclerosis or glucose levels.
UNASSIGNED: This study does not provide evidence for a causal effect of circulating AMH levels on CAD, ischemic stroke and T2D in women, although weak instrument bias cannot be excluded.

Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita-related telomere biology disorders (DC/TBD), and Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) are inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) with high risks of bone marrow failure, leukemia, and solid tumors. Individuals with FA have reduced fertility. Previously, we showed low levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a circulating marker of ovarian reserve, in females with IBMFS. In males, AMH may be a direct marker of Sertoli cell function and an indirect marker of spermatogenesis. In this study, we assessed serum AMH levels in pubertal and postpubertal males with FA, DC/TBD, or DBA and compared this with their unaffected male relatives and unrelated healthy male volunteers. Males with FA had significantly lower levels of AMH (median: 5 ng/mL, range: 1.18-6.75) compared with unaffected male relatives (median: 7.31 ng/mL, range: 3.46-18.82, P = 0.03) or healthy male volunteers (median: 7.66 ng/mL, range: 3.3-14.67, P = 0.008). Males with DC/TBD had lower levels of AMH (median: 3.76 ng/mL, range: 0-8.9) compared with unaffected relatives (median: 5.31 ng/mL, range: 1.2-17.77, P = 0.01) or healthy volunteers (median: 5.995 ng/mL, range: 1.57-14.67, P < 0.001). Males with DBA had similar levels of AMH (median: 3.46 ng/mL, range: 2.32-11.85) as unaffected relatives (median: 4.66 ng/mL, range: 0.09-13.51, P = 0.56) and healthy volunteers (median: 5.81 ng/mL, range: 1.57-14.67, P = 0.10). Our findings suggest a defect in the production of AMH in postpubertal males with FA and DC/TBD, similar to that observed in females. These findings warrant confirmation in larger prospective studies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of serum AMH for clinical pregnancy in non-infertile population undergoing intrauterine insemination with donor sperm (ds-IUI).
METHODS: This multicenter prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06263192) recruited all non-infertile women undergoing ds-IUI from June 2020 to December 2022 in three different fertility clinics in Spain and Chile. Indications for ds-IUI included severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, female partner, or single status. Clinical pregnancy rates were compared between women with AMH ≥ 1.1 and < 1.1 ng/mL. The main outcome measure was the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate after up to 4 ds-IUI cycles.
RESULTS: A total of 458 ds-IUI cycles were performed among 245 patients, of whom 108 (44.08%) achieved clinical pregnancy within 4 cycles, 60.2% of these occurring in the first attempt and 84.2% after two attempts. We found no significant differences in AMH levels or other parameters (such as age, BMI, FSH, AFC) between women who became pregnant and those who did not. Cumulative pregnancy rates and logistic regression analysis revealed that AMH ≥ 1.1 ng/mL was not predictive of ds-IUI success. While a high positive correlation was observed between AFC and AMH (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), ROC curve analyses indicated that neither of these ovarian reserve markers accurately forecasts cumulative ds-IUI outcomes in non-infertile women.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this multicenter study suggest that AMH is not a reliable predictor of pregnancy in non-infertile women undergoing ds-IUI. Even women with low AMH levels can achieve successful pregnancy outcomes, supporting the notion that diminished ovarian reserve should not restrict access to ds-IUI treatments in eligible non-infertile women.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels and time of pregnancy. Although it has been hypothesized that serum AMH levels may indicate the chance of conception, findings have been mixed. Given that any association is expected to be modest, and it is possible that previous studies have been underpowered, we investigated this relationship in the largest prospective cohort to date.
METHODS: Prospective time-to-pregnancy cohort study.
METHODS: Community.
METHODS: A total of 3,150 US women who had been trying to conceive for <3 months and had purchased a Modern Fertility hormone test.
METHODS: We developed a discrete time-to-event model using a binomial complementary log-log error structure within a generalized additive modeling framework, adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, parity, smoking status, polycystic ovary syndrome, and others. Sensitivity analyses were performed in women with regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days), who did not report using fertility treatments, using alternate AMH level categories (<0.7, 0.7-8.5, >8.5 ng/mL), and AMH levels as a continuous measure.
METHODS: Primary outcomes included cumulative conception probability within 12 cycles and relative fecundability per menstrual cycle. Conception was defined by a self-reported positive pregnancy test.
RESULTS: Participants contributed 7.21 ± 5.32 cycles, with 1,325 (42.1%) achieving a pregnancy. Women with low AMH levels (<1 ng/mL, n = 427) had a lower chance of natural conception (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.94) compared with women with normal AMH levels (1-5.5 ng/mL). There was no difference between high (5.5+ ng/mL) and normal AMH level categories (adjHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.94-1.31). The inclusion of AMH improved the model (net reclassification index 0.10 [0.06-0.14]). The instantaneous probability of conception was highest in cycle four across all AMH categories: the probability of natural conception was 11.2% (95% CI, 9.0-14.0) for low AMH levels, 14.3% (95% CI, 12.3-16.5) for normal AMH levels, and 15.7% (95% CI, 12.9-19.0) for high AMH levels. In the regular cycles sensitivity analysis (n = 1,791), the low AMH group had a lower chance of conception (adjHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97) in the low AMH group compared with normal AMH, and similarly in the continuous model (adjHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.95).
CONCLUSIONS: Low AMH levels (<1 ng/mL) are independently associated with a modest but significant reduction in the chance of conception.