背景:这项研究通过年龄时期队列(A-P-C)分析和全球疾病负担(GBD)数据检查了西班牙(1990-2019)的肺癌发病率。解开年龄的复杂相互作用,period,和出生队列塑造这些趋势。
方法:利用GBD和西班牙人口数据,本研究计算年龄标准化发病率(ASIRs),并采用Joinpoint分析确定显著趋势.A-P-C分析剖析了年龄对个体的影响,日历期间,和出生队列的发病率模式。
结果:在1990年至2019年之间,西班牙诊断出了近738,000例肺癌。年均增长1.7%。1990年至2019年西班牙肺癌的ASIR显示出女性持续上升的趋势(平均每年百分比变化:2.5%,P<0.05),2019年达到每10万人中23.3例,而男性发病率显著下降(AAPC:-0.6%,P<0.05),2019年降至108.9。男女发病率从1992年的12.2下降到2019年的4.9。关节点分析确定了两性的不同时期,男人表现出稳定,下降,然后大幅下降,而女性表现出最初的增加,然后是减少。纵向年龄曲线显示男性的发病率风险一直较高,在80-84岁年龄段达到顶峰。自1920年代以来,男性队列显示出相对风险降低,而女性表现出风险随时间的波动。
结论:西班牙的肺癌发病率正在下降,尤其是在男性中,由于吸烟率较低。性别差距正在缩小,但是需要针对女性的预防。加强烟草控制和研究其他风险因素至关重要。了解吸烟和早期接触的长期影响是西班牙更好的预防和治疗的关键。
BACKGROUND: This study examines lung cancer incidence in Spain (1990-2019) through age-period-cohort (A-P-C) analysis and Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) data, unravelling the complex interplay of age, period, and birth cohort in shaping these trends.
METHODS: Utilizing GBD and Spanish population data, the study calculates age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and employs Joinpoint analysis to identify significant trends. A-P-C analysis dissects the individual effects of age, calendar period, and birth cohort on incidence patterns.
RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, almost 738,000 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed in Spain, with an average annual increase of 1.7%. The ASIR of lung cancer in Spain from 1990 to 2019 showed a sustained upward trend in women (Average Annual Per cent Change: 2.5%, P < 0.05), reaching 23.3 cases per 100,000 in 2019, whilst men experienced a significant decrease in incidence rates (AAPC: -0.6%, P < 0.05), falling to 108.9 in 2019. The male-to-female incidence ratio decreased from 12.2 in 1992 to 4.9 in 2019. Joinpoint analysis identified distinct periods for both sexes, with men showing stability, decline and then a significant decrease, whereas women showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. The longitudinal age curves showed a consistently higher incidence risk in men, peaking in the 80-84 age group. Male cohorts since the 1920s showed a decreasing relative risk, whereas women showed fluctuations in risk over time.
CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer rates are falling in Spain, especially amongst men, due to lower smoking rates. The gender gap is closing, but prevention targeted at women is needed. Tighter tobacco control and research into other risk factors are essential. Understanding the long-term effects of smoking and early exposure is key to better prevention and treatment in Spain.