肾上腺皮质功能不全,也称为肾上腺功能不全(AI),是一种以肾上腺激素产生不足为特征的内分泌紊乱,包括糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素(MC)。这种情况可以归类为主要的,次要,或三级AI,取决于缺陷的位置。AI的经典症状包括虚弱,疲劳,腹痛,心动过速,低血压,电解质失衡,和色素沉着过度。在儿童中,AI的最常见原因是经典的先天性肾上腺增生,这是由于21-羟化酶的缺乏。21-羟化酶产生所有类固醇,如皮质醇和醛固酮。AI管理主要涉及激素替代疗法,通常与口服氢化可的松和MC补充。然而,对儿科患者给予氢化可的松带来了与缺乏可用剂量合适的制剂相关的挑战.历史上,压碎或分开的成人片剂用于儿科治疗AI,尽管这会增加治疗不足或过度的风险。儿科人群的剂量不足会对生长产生不利影响,发展,和代谢健康。AlkindiSprinkle是一种儿科特异性氢化可的松口服颗粒制剂,可管理皮质醇水平以帮助促进准确的治疗剂量。Alkindi提供了几个优势,包括准确的剂量,味道掩蔽,易于管理。目前的调查描述了人工智能,人工智能的管理,以及使用AlkindiSprinkle治疗小儿AI,包括临床疗效。
Adrenocortical insufficiency, also known as adrenal insufficiency (AI), is an endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of adrenal hormones, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (MCs). The condition can be categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary AI, depending on the location of the defect. Classical symptoms of AI include weakness, fatigue, abdominal pain, tachycardia, hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, and hyperpigmentation. In children, the most common cause of AI is classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which results from a deficiency in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme. The 21-hydroxylase enzyme produces all steroids, such as cortisol and aldosterone. AI management primarily involves hormone replacement therapy, typically with oral hydrocortisone and MC supplementation. However, the administration of hydrocortisone to pediatric patients presents challenges related to the lack of available dose-appropriate formulations. Historically, crushed or split adult tablets were used for the pediatric treatment of AI, although this poses an increased risk of under- or overtreatment. Inadequate dosing in the pediatric population can adversely affect growth, development, and metabolic health. Alkindi Sprinkle is a pediatric-specific hydrocortisone oral granule preparation that manages cortisol levels to help facilitate accurate therapeutic dosing. Alkindi offers several advantages, including accurate dosing, taste masking, and ease of administration. The present investigation describes AI, the management of AI, and the treatment of pediatric AI using Alkindi Sprinkle, including clinical efficacy.