■经过几十年的研究成果,众所周知,跨国收养者--即,在出生国以外被收养的人表现出各种负面心理健康结果的风险增加。即便如此,文献中缺乏针对跨国被收养人口的预防措施或治疗干预措施的建议。
■要探索经验,意见,以及瑞典成年跨国收养者在一般医疗保健和特别是精神医疗保健方面的需求。
■居住在瑞典的66名成年跨国收养者,出生在15个不同的非欧洲国家,被招募进行个人深入访谈,了解他们在心理社会支持和医疗保健方面的经验和意见。采用码本主题分析方法对访谈数据进行了分析。
■确定了三个总体主题:(a)适当治疗的障碍,(b)处理与健康有关的问题的有用资源,(c)与健康有关的需求和建议,以发展适当的支持。确定的障碍包括缺乏对被收养者健康的洞察力和兴趣,色盲和不愿意解决种族主义,感恩的期望,高昂的财务成本,缺乏养父母的支持,以及对涉及收养父母或收养组织的支持结构的不信任。参与者还描述了有用的资源,例如跨国被收养者的社区。与健康相关的需求和建议包括更明确和易于获得的支持结构,提高知识和能力,更广泛的心理治疗剧目,更好地解决与收养相关的主题,在对被收养者特别有压力的情况下(例如在怀孕期间和作为新父母)改善支持,儿童和青春期的常规随访,以及针对养父母的教育。还强调需要更加关注跨国被收养者儿童的福祉。
■基于这些发现,可以提出一些建议。例如,应加强对被收养人健康的认识,解决与种族主义有关的问题的心理治疗能力应成为优先事项。经过20多年的讨论,应建立一个或多个关于跨国收养的国家研究和知识中心。此外,应提供经济资源,以支持跨国被收养者获得适当的治疗。
UNASSIGNED: After decades of research output, it is well established that transnational adoptees-i.e., individuals who are placed for
adoption outside their country of birth-exhibit an increased risk of various negative mental health outcomes. Even so, there is a lack of suggestions for preventive measures or treatment interventions targeting the transnational adoptee population in the literature.
UNASSIGNED: To explore experiences, opinions, and needs among adult transnational adoptees in Sweden concerning healthcare in general and mental healthcare in particular.
UNASSIGNED: Sixty-six adult transnational adoptees residing in Sweden, born in 15 different non-European countries, were recruited for individual in-depth interviews about their experiences and opinions regarding psychosocial support and healthcare. The interview data were analyzed employing a codebook thematic analysis approach.
UNASSIGNED: Three overarching themes were identified: (a) barriers to adequate treatment, (b) helpful resources in dealing with health-related issues, and (c) health-related needs and suggestions for the development of adequate support. Identified barriers include a lack of insight into and interest in adoptee health, colorblindness and unwillingness to address racism, expectations of gratitude, steep financial costs, lack of support from adoptive parents, and mistrust of support structures that involve adoptive parents or
adoption organizations. Participants also describe helpful resources, such as the community of fellow transnational adoptees. Health-related needs and suggestions include more well-defined and easily accessible structures of support, improved knowledge and competence, a broader psychotherapeutic repertoire that better addresses
adoption-related themes, improved support in situations that can be particularly stressful for adoptees (such as during pregnancy and as new parents), routine follow-up during childhood and adolescence, and education targeting adoptive parents. The need for greater attention to the well-being of children of transnational adoptees is also highlighted.
UNASSIGNED: Based on these findings, a number of recommendations can be made. For example, knowledge about adoptee health should be strengthened, and psychotherapeutic competence in addressing issues related to racism should become a priority. After over 20 years of discussion, one or more national research and knowledge hubs on transnational
adoption should be created. Moreover, economic resources should be made available to support transnational adoptees in accessing adequate treatment.