The agile remote sensing satellite scheduling problem (ARSSSP) for large-scale tasks needs to simultaneously address the difficulties of complex constraints and a huge solution space. Taking inspiration from the quantum genetic algorithm (QGA), a multi-adaptive strategies-based higher-order quantum genetic algorithm (MAS-HOQGA) is proposed for solving the agile remote sensing satellites scheduling problem in this paper. In order to adapt to the requirements of engineering applications, this study combines the total task number and the total task priority as the optimization goal of the scheduling scheme. Firstly, we comprehensively considered the time-dependent characteristics of agile remote sensing satellites, attitude maneuverability, energy balance, and data storage constraints and established a satellite scheduling model that integrates multiple constraints. Then, quantum register operators, adaptive evolution operations, and adaptive mutation transfer operations were introduced to ensure global optimization while reducing time consumption. Finally, this paper demonstrated, through computational experiments, that the MAS-HOQGA exhibits high computational efficiency and excellent global optimization ability in the scheduling process of agile remote sensing satellites for large-scale tasks, while effectively avoiding the problem that the traditional QGA has, namely low solution efficiency and the tendency to easily fall into local optima. This method can be considered for application to the engineering practice of agile remote sensing satellite scheduling for large-scale tasks.

The rise of drug resistance in cancer cells presents a formidable challenge in modern oncology, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review investigates the latest advancements in overcoming drug resistance mechanisms employed by cancer cells, focusing on emerging therapeutic modalities. The intricate molecular insights into drug resistance, including genetic mutations, efflux pumps, altered signaling pathways, and microenvironmental influences, are discussed. Furthermore, the promising avenues offered by targeted therapies, combination treatments, immunotherapies, and precision medicine approaches are highlighted. Specifically, the synergistic effects of combining traditional cytotoxic agents with molecularly targeted inhibitors to circumvent resistance pathways are examined. Additionally, the evolving landscape of immunotherapeutic interventions, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, is explored in terms of bolstering anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming immune evasion mechanisms. Moreover, the significance of biomarker-driven strategies for predicting and monitoring treatment responses is underscored, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes. For insights into the future direction of cancer treatment paradigms, the current review focused on prevailing drug resistance challenges and improving patient outcomes, through an integrative analysis of these emerging therapeutic strategies.

Climate change significantly impacts the yield and quality of medicinal plants due to alterations in temperature, precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events. These changes affect the growth, secondary metabolite production, and geographical distribution of medicinal plants, leading to reduced yields and compromised medicinal properties. Adaptive strategies such as developing climate-resilient plant varieties, sustainable agricultural practices, and enhanced conservation efforts are essential to mitigate these effects. Increased research and collaborative efforts are necessary to safeguard these vital resources for future generations.

COVID-19 person-place disruptions may dislocate enabling resources and affect the short- and long-term wellbeing of individuals ageing-in-place. However, outcomes may vary according to individuals\' personal experiences and capabilities to put in place adaptive strategies. Underpinned by the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, this study aimed to identify shifts in older people\'s relationships to place during the pandemic and to gain a deeper understanding of their adaptive strategies. We analysed data collected between April-May and October-November 2021 from the [Details omitted for double-blind reviewing], a qualitative investigation of community-dwellers based in Ireland and aged 65 years or over. Participants (n = 57) completed written submissions, narrative interviews and/or go-along interviews detailing their experiences during the pandemic. The mean age of participants was 74.9 years, 53% were female, 46% lived alone, and 86% lived in areas with high urban influence. Our framework analysis identified three thematic categories: 1) Characterization of individuals experiencing flow or disruption of place-resources; 2) Effects of place-resource disruptions; and 3) Adaptive strategies to manage disruption. Findings suggest that during the pandemic individuals ageing-in-place experienced trajectories of resistant flow, resilient flow, chronic disruption, or delayed disruption of place-resources, Participants\' health and wellbeing was influenced in diverse ways by the threat of- and actual loss of material, social and affective resources. To compensate for disruptions, participants developed multiple adaptive strategies that highlight older people\'s potential to transform themselves, others, and their environments during times of adversity. These findings showcase the processes by which health enabling places may be maintained and generated, and present areas of opportunity for public health interventions seeking to support ageing populations during public health emergencies and beyond.

OBJECTIVE: Desiccation tolerance (DT) is crucial for survival in arid environments, where organisms develop strategies in reproduction, maintenance and defence to cope with water scarcity. Therefore, investigating the relationship between reproduction and DT is essential to understand the ecology and adaptive strategies of species. This study explores the connection between the development of male and female gametangia in the moss Bryum argenteum and the decrease in DT during the progression of phenological phases in gametangia and protonema.
METHODS: Samples collected from a dry tropical forest in Brazil were cultivated, cloned and subjected to desiccation. Subsequently, the physiological parameters of shoots and protonemata were analysed. Shoot and protonema regeneration were monitored for 28 d after the physiological analyses. Both phases were subjected to control and desiccation treatments.
RESULTS: Significant effects of desiccation and sex on the physiological parameters and regeneration capacity of shoots and protonemata were found. Male shoots generally exhibited lower values of Fv/Fm (quantum efficiency of photosystem II) and ϕPSII (effective quantum yield of photosystem II), while females demonstrated higher values and better recovery after desiccation. Protonemata also showed variation in Fv/Fm over time and with sex, with no significant differences in ϕPSII between them. Desiccated male shoots had higher mortality rates and produced fewer new shoots. For females, the regeneration patterns varied between the desiccation-exposed groups and the control, with decreased shoot production, and some protonemata growing into filaments without forming shoots.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings improve our understanding of the ecological responses of bryophytes to desiccation stress and provide insights into their adaptive strategies in challenging environments, such as the possible rarity of males in dioicous moss populations.

BACKGROUND: Water stress seriously affects the survival of plants in natural ecosystems. Plant resistance to water stress relies on adaptive strategies, which are mainly based on plant anatomy with following relevant functions: (1) increase in water uptake and storage; (2) reduction of water loss; and (3) mechanical reinforcement of tissues. We measured 15 leaf-stem anatomical traits of five dominant shrub species from 12 community plots in the eastern Qaidam Basin to explore adaptive strategies based on plant leaf-stem anatomy at species and community levels. and their relationship with environmental stresses were tested.
RESULTS: Results showed that the combination of leaf-stem anatomical traits formed three types of adaptive strategies with the drought tolerance of leaf and stem taken as two coordinate axes. Three types of water stress were caused by environmental factors in the eastern Qaidam Basin, and the established adaptive strategy triangle could be well explained by these environmental stresses. The interpretation of the strategic triangle was as follows: (1) exploitative plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt the hydraulic efficiency strategy and safety strategy, respectively. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in sandy desert (i.e., Nitraria tangutorum, and Artemisia sphaerocephala) which is mainly influenced by drought stress; (2) stable plant strategy, in which both leaf/assimilation branches and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in salty desert (i.e., Kalidium foliatum and Haloxylon ammodendron) which aridity has little effect on them; and (3) opportunistic plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy and water transport efficiency strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in multiple habitats (i.e., Sympegma regelii) which is mainly affected by coldness stress.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed adaptive strategy system could provide a basis for elucidating the ecological adaptation mechanism of desert woody plants and the scientific management of natural vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Bacteriophages (phages) play a vital role in ecosystem functions by influencing the composition, genetic exchange, metabolism, and environmental adaptation of microbial communities. With recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics, our understanding of the ecology and evolution of phages in stressful environments has substantially expanded. Here, we review the impact of physicochemical environmental stress on the physiological state and community dynamics of phages, the adaptive strategies that phages employ to cope with environmental stress, and the ecological effects of phage-host interactions in stressful environments. Specifically, we highlight the contributions of phages to the adaptive evolution and functioning of microbiomes and suggest that phages and their hosts can maintain a mutualistic relationship in response to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the ecological consequences caused by phages in stressful environments, encompassing biogeochemical cycling. Overall, this review advances an understanding of phage ecology in stressful environments, which could inform phage-based strategies to improve microbiome performance and ecosystem resilience and resistance in natural and engineering systems.

UNASSIGNED: To curb transmission of COVID-19, Singapore has experienced multiple, ongoing community restrictions. Gaining the ability to adapt and thrive under pressure will be key to addressing effects of these restrictions on mental health. To inform this, we examine the following research questions, (1) What typifies adversity related to living with on-off COVID-19 restrictions? (2) Who are the resilient? (3) How are negative effects of adversity attenuated?
UNASSIGNED: Participants were a part of the Strengthening Our Community\'s Resilience Against Threats from Emerging Infections (SOCRATES) cohort, invited to participate in this survey either via email or text message. Using the community survey data (N = 1,364), analyses including Wilcoxon rank sum test and logistic regression were conducted.
UNASSIGNED: Adversities are identified as circumstances associated with a significant increase in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. These are typified by having financial worries; experiencing heightened emotions and frequent crying; having \"out of body\" experiences; having to move frequently or not being able to settle into accommodation; and regularly feeling mistreated by someone close to you. Being resilient in the face of adversity was determined by HADS scores for depression and anxiety (dichotomized at the median) and characterized by overall better social relationships such as having harmonious living situations and solution-driven coping strategies, especially the ability to harness the belief that difficult situations can lead to growth.
UNASSIGNED: In accordance with the Loads-Levers-Lifts model, results indicate that initiatives that increase access to identified protection, while minimizing exposure to known adversities where possible, will promote resilience under COVID-19 restrictions.

This study aims to investigate whether the variation in reproduction success, growth, and milk trajectories is associated with different adaptive strategies in the short term (response to an acute nutritional challenge), using two Alpine goat lines. A total of 382 Alpine goats (179 low longevity (low_LGV) and 203 high longevity (high_LGV)), selected for divergent functional longevity from a commercial population, were monitored for 4 years and recorded for BW, reproduction and milking performance. Every year, an average of fifty primiparous goats were exposed to a 2-d nutritional challenge in early lactation. A polynomial model was used to analyse the lifetime trajectory of lactation and BW. A piecewise model was used to analyse the individual milk yield and responses of milk components to the nutritional challenges. The statistical analysis revealed that the two lines had a similar performance for total milk yield in the first lactation, BW at birth and at first kidding, litter size and weight, kidding interval and interval from the first insemination to conception. BW trajectories revealed that low_LGV goats had a greater BW in pregnancy but then lost more weight in early lactation compared to high_LGV goats, which showed a greater BW after kidding. Milk trajectories showed that the high_LGV goats had a higher initial milk yield, an earlier but less marked lactation peak and more persistency in milk production in late lactation than low_LGV goats. Except for milk protein content, quite similar response and recovery profiles of milk yield and milk fat content were observed during the challenge for both lines. The response to the challenge was positively correlated to the initial level of milk production in early lactation but negatively correlated with milk production decline after the peak. This finding suggests that the low_LGV goats were more adapted to allocate resources to meet an expected physiological change such as gestation and lactation. However, high_LGV goats allocate more than low_LGV goats for structural mass and may better cope with an unexpected environmental change such as nutritional deficit.

The identification of key genes and molecular pathways that are involved in the response to stressors is crucial for controlling stress in fish and sustainable aquaculture. Environmental stressors can induce stress responses in aquatic animals, resulting in compromised immune function, inhibited growth, and increased mortality rates. mRNA-seq analysis provides a powerful tool to identify key genes and pathways associated with stress response. In the present study, mRNA-seq analysis was employed to identify key overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and molecular pathways under salinity, nitrite, copper, and pH stress in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The pathways associated with the immune response, oxygen transport, homeostasis, and oxidative stress were enriched across all stressors. The top KEGG pathways were complement and coagulation cascades, PPAR signaling pathway, and cardiac muscle contraction. The top GO enrichment terms were oxidoreductase activity, aerobic respiration, endopeptidase inhibitor activity, endopeptidase regulator activity, heme binding, and iron ion binding. The complement genes (C3, C4, C5, factor B, and factor H), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), hemoglobin subunit epsilon (HBE), hemoglobin subunit alpha (HBA), coagulation factor genes (XI and X) and the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) gene family (cox1, cox2, cox3, cytochrome P450) were identified as key shared genes across multiple stressors. The discovery of these genes and molecular pathways provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the stress response in Nile tilapia. The results of the present study can facilitate the development of stress management strategies in Nile tilapia.