UNASSIGNED: Adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) may experience limitations in self-care and household tasks. The aim of the study was to understand the process of building independence in self-care and household tasks from the perspective of adolescents and their caregivers.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach with 10 adolescents (15-17 years old) and 11 caregivers from a transition service in Brazil. Semistructured, remote interviews were conducted with each participant. The interviews were recorded for transcription and content analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Two thematic categories emerged: (1) \"Thinking about independence\" and (2) \"Possible ways to foster independence.\" The first category was divided into three subcategories: \"Expectations and the desire to be independent,\" \"Obstacles to independence,\" \"Concerns about the future.\" The second category was divided into four subcategories: \"People and places,\" \"Opportunities for practice,\" \"Personal attitude\" and \"Adaptations that facilitate.\"
UNASSIGNED: Adolescents\' independence in several everyday activities involves physical, socioemotional and environmental aspects. Enabling opportunities for practice, an adapted environment, support from rehabilitation services and developing collaborative relationships with caregivers are elements that may favor the independence of adolescents with CP.
The relationship between adolescents and their caregivers is important in building independence.Interventions centered on educational practices for caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy should be encouraged.Environmental facilitators include support from families, friends and therapists.Collaborations among therapists, caregivers and adolescents may promote autonomy.

Given that approximately 41.8 million Americans provide unpaid care to older adults and caregiving roles are often associated with decreased well-being, it is critical to identify strategies to maximize their well-being. The purpose of this review was to explore which activities significantly improve well-being among caregivers of older adults. A systematic literature review was conducted using PsycINFO and 24 research articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Eight cohesive activity categories were identified: Social (n = 5), Psychoeducation (n = 3), Arts/entertainment in the home (n = 2), Psychotherapy (n = 5), Religious/Spiritual (n = 4), Multimodal (n = 4), Physical (n = 5), and Arts/entertainment outside the home (n = 2). Findings suggest that caregivers of older adults should seek opportunities for engagement in meaningful activities, particularly social, psychoeducational activities, arts/entertainment activities in the home, which showed positive impacts, as well as psychotherapy, religious/spiritual, multimodal, and physical activities, which showed mixed impacts on caregivers\' psychological well-being.

The market of medical devices within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union is regulated by special legislation that ensures formation of common market and compliance of products with all necessary requirements. This allows to ensure high level of quality of medical equipment and articles that contributes into improving safety and efficiency of medical procedures. The development of uniform requirements, considering world practices, is an important step, since it allows to guarantee high standards not only at level of single states, but also at level of the entire Union. This approach facilitates reinforcement of confidence to medical production of manufacturers from he Eurasian Economic Union countries. The article examines normative legal base regulating issues of formation and functioning of common market of medical equipment and articles within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. The analysis of normative legal base of the Russian Federation in section related to medical articles market was carried out. The analysis of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in terms of issues related to the market of medical devices was also carried out. The corresponding conclusions were made based on the study results.

The article continues to consider problem of regulation of pharmaceuticals turn-over in the EU and the USA in 1992-2020. The history of development of European pharmaceutical legislation in 1992-2001 is considered. This stage is characterized by passing Directives (laws of indirect action) that were obligatory for implementation through their inclusion into national normative legal bases. In 2001 the passed laws were compiled into EU Pharmaceutical Code (Directive 2001/83) that regulates main sections of pharmaceuticals turn-over from their production to pharmaceutical control. The adoption of Code laid the foundation for EU legislation in the field of medications.

Over the past two decades, vaping has increased in popularity among young adults. Yet, little is known about the daily activities or contexts associated with vaping behavior. The current study examined whether nicotine vaping, cannabis vaping, and dual-substance vaping (i.e., vaping both nicotine and cannabis) fluctuated in tandem with alcohol use and activities on a given day. Data came from the Monitoring the Future Vaping Supplement, a national sample of U.S. young adults. A subsample of people who vaped (N = 330 people) completed up to 14 daily surveys (N = 3686 days). Multilevel logistic regressions separated within- and between-person characteristics and controlled for combustible nicotine and cannabis use, day of the week, and demographic characteristics. Weights accounted for the complex survey design and attrition. Results demonstrated that nicotine vaping was more common on days when participants drank moderately or binge drank (compared to not drinking), used cigarettes, and spent more time at bars and parties than usual. Cannabis vaping on a given day was more likely on days when young adults drank moderately and spent more time at bars/parties. Likewise, moderate drinking, spending more time at bars/parties than usual, and spending less time on schoolwork than usual was associated with a higher likelihood of dual-substance vaping on a given day. Our findings highlight when young adults vape nicotine and cannabis, while also identifying proximal correlates of these behaviors to inform intervention and cessation efforts.

BACKGROUND: A large number of modifiable and measurable daily actions are thought to impact mental health. The \"Things You Do\" refers to 5 types of daily actions that have been associated with mental health: healthy thinking, meaningful activities, goals and plans, healthy habits, and social connections. Previous studies have reported the psychometric properties of the Things You Do Questionnaire (TYDQ)-21-item (TYDQ21). The 21-item version, however, has an uneven distribution of items across the 5 aforementioned factors and may be lengthy to administer on a regular basis.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a brief version of the TYDQ. To accomplish this, we identified the top 10 and 15 items on the TYDQ21 and then evaluated the performance of the 10-item and 15-item versions of the TYDQ in community and treatment-seeking samples.
METHODS: Using confirmatory factor analysis, the top 2 or 3 items were used to develop the 10-item and 15-item versions, respectively. Model fit, reliability, and validity were examined for both versions in 2 samples: a survey of community adults (n=6070) and adults who completed an assessment at a digital psychology service (n=14,878). Treatment responsivity was examined in a subgroup of participants (n=448).
RESULTS: Parallel analysis supported the 5-factor structure of the TYDQ. The brief (10-item and 15-item) versions were associated with better model fit than the 21-item version, as revealed by its comparative fit index, root-mean-square error of approximation, and Tucker-Lewis index. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were supported. The 15-item version explained more variance in the 21-item scores than the 10-item version. Internal consistency was appropriate (eg, the 15-item version had a Cronbach α of >0.90 in both samples) and there were no marked differences between how the brief versions correlated with validated measures of depression or anxiety symptoms. The measure was responsive to treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The 15-item version is appropriate for use as a brief measure of daily actions associated with mental health while balancing brevity and clinical utility. Further research is encouraged to replicate our psychometric evaluation in other settings (eg, face-to-face services).
BACKGROUND: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000407796; https://tinyurl.com/2s67a6ps.

Flavonoids belong to the polyphenol group that naturally exists in fruits, vegetables, tea, and grains. Flavonoids, as secondary metabolites, show indispensable contributions to biolog-ical processes and the responses of plants to numerous environmental factors. The bioactivity of flavonoids depends on C6-C3-C6 ring substitution patterns that exhibit bioactive antioxidant, an-timicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. The synthesis of flavonoids has been reported by various methodologies. Therefore, the present review systematically sum-marizes the synthesis of recent heterocyclic flavonoid derivatives via facile synthetic approaches since the research in flavonoids is useful for therapeutic and biotechnology fields.

UNASSIGNED: Epidemiological research on resistance and resilience can build on models of health developed in health promotion. Nevertheless, these models need to be adjusted to approaches currently employed in epidemiology; namely, included concepts should be easy to operationalize, and links between them should be simple enough to enable statistical modeling. In addition, these models should include both individual and environmental assets. The objective of this study is to consolidate the current knowledge on health assets, adjust them to epidemiological research needs, and propose a new model of health assets for epidemiological studies on health.
UNASSIGNED: The conceptual paper was conducted according to the guidelines for the model development.
UNASSIGNED: The development of the new model was made from the perspective of salutogenesis - the branch of health promotion studying the origins of health. The analysis of literature on health promotion, public health, and positive psychology was conducted to find the links connecting individual and environmental assets.
UNASSIGNED: The newly developed Dynamic Model of Health Assets circularly links individual characteristics, actions, environments, and support. Each preceding component of the model contributes to the following one; each component also independently contributes to resistance and resilience. The new model may guide large-scale epidemiological research on resistance and resilience. The model\'s components are easy to operationalize; the model allows for constructing multilevel models and accounting for the dynamic nature of the relationships between components. It is also generic enough to be adjusted to studying contributors to resistance and resilience to different specific diseases.
UNASSIGNED: The new model can guide epidemiological studies on resistance and resilience.

BACKGROUND: The ability to walk is a key issue for independent old age. Optimizing older peoples\' opportunities for an autonomous and active life and reducing health disparities requires a better understanding of how to support independent mobility in older people. With increasing age, changes in gait parameters such as step length and cadence are common and have been shown to increase the risk of mobility decline. However, gait assessments are typically based on laboratory measures, even though walking in a laboratory environment may be significantly different from walking in outdoor environments.
OBJECTIVE: This project will study alterations in biomechanical features of gait by comparing walking on a treadmill in a laboratory, level outdoor, and hilly outdoor environments. In addition, we will study the possible contribution of changes in gait between these environments to outdoor mobility among older people.
METHODS: Participants of the study were recruited through senior organizations of Central Finland and the University of the Third Age, Jyväskylä. Inclusion criteria were community-dwelling, aged 70 years and older, able to walk at least 1 km without assistive devices, able to communicate, and living in central Finland. Exclusion criteria were the use of mobility devices, severe sensory deficit (vision and hearing), memory impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination ≤23), and neurological conditions (eg, stroke, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis). The study protocol included 2 research visits. First, indoor measurements were conducted, including interviews (participation, health, and demographics), physical performance tests (short physical performance battery and Timed Up and Go), and motion analysis on a treadmill in the laboratory (3D Vicon and next-generation inertial measurement units [NGIMUs]). Second, outdoor walking tests were conducted, including walking on level (sports track) and hilly (uphill and downhill) terrain, while movement was monitored via NGIMUs, pressure insoles, heart rate, and video data.
RESULTS: A total of 40 people (n=26, 65% women; mean age 76.3, SD 5.45 years) met the inclusion criteria and took part in the study. Data collection took place between May and September 2022. The first result is expected to be published in the spring of 2024.
CONCLUSIONS: This multidisciplinary study will provide new scientific knowledge about how gait biomechanics are altered in varied environments, and how this influences opportunities to participate in outdoor activities for older people.
UNASSIGNED: RR1-10.2196/52898.

UNASSIGNED: Good social connection is associated with better physical and mental health but care home residents experience barriers to social connection. Activities present a potential avenue for improving social connection in care homes but residents often experience loneliness despite access to activity programmes. We therefore aimed to identify what aspects of activities facilitate social connection in care home residents.
UNASSIGNED: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews that were analysed using Thematic Analysis. A purposive sample of 35 participants, including 12 residents, 10 family caregivers, nine care home staff and four clinicians, recruited from UK care homes.
UNASSIGNED: We found four main themes describing features of activities important for facilitating social connection: (1) personalisation with respect to residents\' interests, social preferences, and cognitive ability; (2) activities which foster a sense of community; (3) finding and emphasising things in common that residents share; and (4) facilitating a sense of involvement with others.
UNASSIGNED: We identified the key aspects of activities which facilitate social connection in care homes. These findings can be applied to a range of existing and newly designed activities in care homes and inform the development and testing of psychosocial interventions aiming to improve social connection.