背景:西方饮食,以高血糖指数和乳制品含量为特征,可能是寻常痤疮的危险因素。一些研究表明,坚持非西方饮食,例如地中海饮食(MD),可能对痤疮有保护作用。本研究旨在探讨对MD的依从性与痤疮诊断和严重程度之间的关系。
方法:这是一项配对的病例对照研究,在研究健康科学的大学生中进行,以探索坚持MD与痤疮诊断之间的关系。便利抽样用于初步招募合格的参与者,然后他们的年龄分别为1:1,性别,体重指数(BMI)。使用地中海饮食依从性筛选器(MEDAS)工具评估对MD的依从性,使用全球痤疮分级系统(GAGS)评估痤疮的严重程度。数据采用描述性统计分析,双变量分析,和条件逻辑回归,其中包括基于临床数据和反向消除技术的两个模型。
结果:121例的最终样本分别与121例对照相匹配。每组由28.9%的男性和71.1%的女性组成,大多数人的BMI在健康范围内(71.9%)。病例组(80.2%)和对照组(77.7%)均显示出对MD的低依从性。在双变量水平,家族史在病例组和对照组之间有显著差异(OR=2.01,CI=1.17-3.44),而坚持MD(OR=0.86,CI=0.46-1.60)无统计学意义。根据回归分析,家族史在反向消除模型中仍然显著(aOR=1.94,CI=1.14-3.34),而在完整模型中消失(aOR=1.95,CI=1.14-3.34)。这两个模型都没有揭示痤疮和其他变量之间的显著关联。在案件组的参与者中,对MD的依从性或对其成分的依从性与痤疮严重程度均无显著相关,除了蔬菜(p=0.022)。
结论:坚持MD与痤疮诊断或临床严重程度无关。需要更多关于痤疮和坚持MD之间的关联的研究,由于早期的研究很少,是在特定的环境中进行的,并使用可变方法。为了提高研究方法的有效性和可靠性,建议制定详细的和符合文化的MD定义和实用指南.
BACKGROUND: Western diets, characterized by a high glycemic index and dairy content, can be risk factors for acne vulgaris. A few studies have suggested that adherence to non-Western diets, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD), may be protective against acne. This study aimed to explore the relationships between adherence to the MD and acne diagnosis and severity.
METHODS: This was a matched case‒control study carried out among university students studying health sciences to explore the relationship between adhering to the MD and an acne diagnosis. Convenience sampling was utilized for the initial recruitment of eligible participants, who were then 1:1 individually matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Adherence to the MD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) tool, and acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and conditional logistic regression, which included two models based on clinical data and the backward elimination technique.
RESULTS: A final sample of 121 cases was individually matched to 121 controls. Each group consisted of 28.9% males and 71.1% females, with most having a BMI within the healthy range (71.9%). Both the case (80.2%) and control groups (77.7%) demonstrated a predominant pattern of low adherence to the MD. At the bivariate level, family history significantly differed between the case and control groups (OR = 2.01, CI = 1.17-3.44), while adherence to the MD (OR = 0.86, CI = 0.46-1.60) did not reach statistical significance. According to the regression analysis, family history remained significant in the backward elimination model (aOR = 1.94, CI = 1.14-3.34), while it disappeared in the full model (aOR = 1.95, CI = 1.14-3.34). Neither model revealed a significant association between acne and the other variables. Among the participants in the case group, neither adherence to the MD nor adherence to its components was significantly associated with acne severity, except for vegetables (p = 0.022).
CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the MD was not correlated with acne diagnosis or clinical severity. More research on the association between acne and adherence to the MD is needed, as earlier studies are few, were conducted in specific settings, and used variable methodologies. To improve the validity and reliability of the research methodology, the development of detailed and culturally adapted MD definitions and practical guides is recommended.