酸碱紊乱目前采用以碳酸氢盐为中心的方法进行分析和治疗,来自数字计算机出现之前的血液研究,它可以解决能够量化控制流体隔室之间水和离子分布的复杂物理化学性质的计算机模型。另一种方法是斯图尔特的方法,可以预测离子和带电蛋白质的简单混合物的pH值,因此血管外液的作用在很大程度上被忽略.本研究使用了一种新的,四个主要流体隔室的综合计算机模型,根据最近的血液模型,其中包括离子与蛋白质的结合,电子中性约束和其他基本的物理化学定律。本模型预测定量,呼吸,整个身体的酸碱缓冲行为,以及确定每个隔间及其物种的角色,特别是,隔室,带电蛋白质,主要负责缓冲。该模型测试了早期的理论,即H保留在体液中,因此,当改变PCO2状态时,可以通过剩余流体中碳酸氢盐和蛋白质电荷的净变化来预测细胞内缓冲。即使H+不是模型守恒的,该理论适用于模拟呼吸系统疾病。模型结果也与理论的第二部分一致,细胞和间质液之间的离子运动与H+缓冲有关,但是受电子中反性约束,不一定是通过一些与膜相关的机制和强离子差异(SID),离子电荷的合并,在平衡状态之间近似守恒,由PCO2变化引起的,在体液系统中。
Acid-base disorders are currently analyzed and treated using a bicarbonate-centered approach derived from blood studies prior to the advent of digital computers, which could solve computer models capable of quantifying the complex physicochemical nature governing distribution of water and ions between fluid compartments. An alternative is the Stewart approach, which can predict the pH of a simple mixture of ions and electrically charged proteins; hence, the role of extravascular fluids has been largely ignored. The present study uses a new, comprehensive computer model of four major fluid compartments, based on a recent blood model, which included ion binding to proteins, electroneutrality constraints, and other essential physicochemical laws. The present model predicts quantitative respiratory acid-base buffering behavior in the whole body, as well as determining roles of each compartment and their species, particularly compartmental electrically charged proteins, largely responsible for buffering. The model tested an early theory that H+ was conserved in the body fluids; hence, when changing Pco2 states, intracellular buffering could be predicted by net changes in bicarbonate and protein electrical charge in the remaining fluids. Even though H+ is not conserved in the model, the theory held in simulated respiratory disorders. Model results also agreed with a second part of the theory, that ion movements between cells and interstitial fluid were linked with H+ buffering, but by electroneutrality constraints, not necessarily by some membrane-related mechanisms, and that the strong ion difference (SID), an amalgamation of ionic electrical charges, was approximately conserved when going between equilibrium states caused by Pco2 changes in the body-fluid system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, a physicochemically based, whole body, four-compartment, computer model was used to study respiratory whole body acid-base buffering. An improved approach to quantify acid-base buffering, previously used by this author, was able to determine contributions of the various compartmental fluids to whole body buffering. The model was used to test, for the first time, three fundamental theories of whole body acid-base homeostasis, namely, H+-conservation, its linkage to ion transport, and strong ion difference conservation.