在病毒层的背景下,病毒颗粒可以竞争宿主细胞。在这种情况下,一些病毒在感染细胞时阻断外源病毒粒子的进入,一种被称为超感染抑制的现象。与超感染抑制相关的分子机制因病毒种类和宿主而异,但总的来说,阻断重复感染确保了首先感染细胞的病毒后代的遗传优势。巨型变形虫感染病毒由于其颗粒和基因组的复杂性而引起了科学界的关注。然而,尚无关于巨型病毒引起的重复感染的发生及其抑制的研究。这项研究表明,模仿病毒,moumouvirus,和巨型病毒,表现出与棘阿米巴感染相关的不同策略。第一次,我们已经报道了模仿病毒和嘴巴病毒在变形虫中诱导重复感染抑制。有趣的是,巨型病毒没有这种能力,允许外源病毒体连续进入感染的变形虫。我们对重复感染阻断背后的机制的研究表明,模仿病毒和嘴巴病毒抑制阿米巴吞噬作用,导致宿主细胞形态和活性的显著变化。相比之下,巨型病毒感染的变形虫继续掺入新形成的病毒体,负面影响可用的病毒后代。这个效果,然而,通过化学抑制吞噬作用是可逆的。这项工作有助于理解重复感染及其在模仿病毒中的抑制作用,moumouvirus,和巨型病毒,证明了尽管它们的进化联系,这些病毒在与宿主的相互作用中表现出深刻的差异。重要信息一些病毒在感染细胞时阻止新病毒粒子的进入,一种被称为超感染抑制的现象。尚未研究巨型病毒中的超感染抑制。这项研究表明,即使是密切相关的病毒,比如模仿病毒,moumouvirus,和巨型病毒,对棘阿米巴有不同的感染策略。第一次,我们已经报道了模仿病毒和嘴巴病毒在变形虫中诱导重复感染抑制。相比之下,巨型病毒没有这种能力,允许外源病毒体连续进入感染的变形虫。我们的研究表明,模仿病毒和moumouvirus抑制阿米巴吞噬作用,引起宿主细胞形态和活性的显著变化。感染巨病毒的变形虫,然而,继续整合新形成的病毒,影响病毒后代。这项研究增强了我们对这些病毒中超感染抑制的理解,强调他们在宿主互动中的差异。
In the context of the virosphere, viral particles can compete for host cells. In this scenario, some viruses block the entry of exogenous virions upon infecting a cell, a phenomenon known as superinfection inhibition. The molecular mechanisms associated with superinfection inhibition vary depending on the viral species and the host, but generally, blocking superinfection ensures the genetic supremacy of the virus\'s progeny that first infects the cell. Giant amoeba-infecting viruses have attracted the scientific community\'s attention due to the complexity of their particles and genomes. However, there are no studies on the occurrence of superinfection and its inhibition induced by giant viruses. This study shows that mimivirus, moumouvirus, and megavirus, exhibit different strategies related to the infection of
Acanthamoeba. For the first time, we have reported that mimivirus and moumouvirus induce superinfection inhibition in amoebas. Interestingly, megaviruses do not exhibit this ability, allowing continuous entry of exogenous virions into infected amoebas. Our investigation into the mechanisms behind superinfection blockage reveals that mimivirus and moumouvirus inhibit amoebic phagocytosis, leading to significant changes in the morphology and activity of the host cells. In contrast, megavirus-infected amoebas continue incorporating newly formed virions, negatively affecting the available viral progeny. This effect, however, is reversible with chemical inhibition of phagocytosis. This work contributes to the understanding of superinfection and its inhibition in mimivirus, moumouvirus, and megavirus, demonstrating that despite their evolutionary relatedness, these viruses exhibit profound differences in their interactions with their hosts.IMPORTANCESome viruses block the entry of new virions upon infecting a cell, a phenomenon known as superinfection inhibition. Superinfection inhibition in giant viruses has yet to be studied. This study reveals that even closely related viruses, such as mimivirus, moumouvirus, and megavirus, have different infection strategies for
Acanthamoeba. For the first time, we have reported that mimivirus and moumouvirus induce superinfection inhibition in amoebas. In contrast, megaviruses do not exhibit this ability, allowing continuous entry of exogenous virions into infected amoebas. Our investigation shows that mimivirus and moumouvirus inhibit amoebic phagocytosis, causing significant changes in host cell morphology and activity. Megavirus-infected amoebas, however, continue incorporating newly formed viruses, affecting viral progeny. This research enhances our understanding of superinfection inhibition in these viruses, highlighting their differences in host interactions.