OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in freshwater fish and marine fish from markets in Zhenjiang City, so as to provide the evidene for formulating targeted control measures.
METHODS: Freshwater fish and marine fish were collected from farmers\' markets and supermarkets in Zhenjiang City using a random sampling method. The metacercaria and larvae of parasites were detected using microscopy and the direct dissection method. The prevalence of parasitic infections was analyzed in freshwater fish and marine fish.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of parasite infections was 11.21% (208/1 856) in the 1 856 fish (34 species) detected from 2017 to 2020, and the prevalence was 9.81% (117/1 193) in freshwater fish and 13.73% (91/663) in marine fish. Among the 1 193 freshwater fish (23 species), high prevalence of parasitic infections was detected in Gambusia affinis (43.33%), coarse fish (32.93%) and Hemiculter leucisclus (20.20%), and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of parasitic infections among different species of freshwater fish (χ2 = 105.66, P < 0.05). Clonorchis sinensis, Metorchis orientalis and other parasite species were detected in freshwater fish, with detection rates of 0.59% (7/1 193), 1.93% (23/1 193) and 7.29% (87/1 193), respectively, and there was a significant difference in the detection of C. sinensis and M. orientalis in freshwater fish (χ2 = 8.64, P < 0.05). The prevalence and intensity of larval Anisakis infections were 13.73% (91/663) in marine fish and 3.43 parasites per fish. High prevalence of Anisakis infections was seen in little yellow croaker fish (30.28%) and hairtail (27.50%), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of parasitic infections in different species of marine fish (χ2 = 12.93, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Parasitic infections are prevalent in freshwater fish and marine fish from markets of Zhenjiang City, and there is a risk of parasitic infections following consumption of raw or under-cooked freshwater fish and marine fish.
［摘要］ 目的了解镇江市市售淡水鱼和海鱼中寄生虫感染情况, 为制定有针对性的防治措施提供参考依据。 方法 2017—2020年采用随机抽样调査方法, 采集镇江市部分农贸市场和超市淡水鱼和海鱼, 分别采用压片镜检法和直接解剖法检测寄生虫囊呦和幼虫, 统计不同鱼种寄生虫感染情况。结果 2017—2020年累计检测34种、1 856尾海 鱼, 寄生虫感染率为11.21%(208/1 856), 其中淡水鱼感染率为9.81%(117/1 193)、海鱼感染率为13.73%(91/663)。共 检测淡水鱼23种1 193尾, 柳条鱼(43.33%)、小杂鱼(32.93%)和餐条鱼(20.20%)寄生虫感染率较高, 各淡水鱼鱼种寄生 虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 105.66, P <0.05)。淡水鱼中检出的寄生虫有华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫和其他类寄生 虫, 检出率分别为0.59%(7/1 193)、1.93%(23/1 193)和7.29%(87/1 193), 华支睾吸虫与东方次睾吸虫检出率差异有统计 学意义(χ2= 8.64, P < 0.05)。共检测海鱼11种663尾, 异尖线虫幼虫检出率为13.73%(91/663), 其中感染率较高的鱼种 为小黄鱼(30.28%)和带鱼(27.50%), 感染度为3.43条/尾, 各种海鱼寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 12.93, P < 0.05)。结论 镇江市市售淡水鱼和海鱼中存在寄生虫感染, 人群生食或半生食有寄生虫感染的风险。.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the scientific basis for the consolidation of schistosomiasis control achievements and timely treatment of risk factors.
METHODS: A total of 7 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019. According to the National Scheme for Schistosomiasis Surveillance (2014 version), Schistosoma japonicum infections were monitored in local residents, floating populations and livestock, and snail habitats were surveyed in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019. The results of schistosomaisis surveillance in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed.
RESULTS: There were 15 848 and 7 779 person-times of local residents and floating populations receiving serological screening of schistosomiasis in 7 national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019, and the seroprevalence rates were 0.95% to 1.75% and 0.14% to 0.91% among local residents and floating populations, respectively; however, no egg-positives were identified. A total of 1 885 herd-times of livestock were detected, and no egg-positives were found. During the 5-year period, snail survey was conducted in snail habitats and suspected snail habitats covering 3 333.79 hm2, and there were 108.71 hm2 snail habitats identified, including 50.97 hm2 re-emerging snail habitats. The density of living snails was 0.007 to 0.125 snails/0.1 m2 from 2015 to 2019, which showed a trend for a rise year by year (χ2 = 2 732.626, P < 0.01); however, no S. japonicum infections were detected in snails.
CONCLUSIONS: The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has been maintained at a low level in Zhenjiang City, and schistosomiasis control achievements are consolidated. However, snails are widely distributed in the city, and there are still risk factors associated with schistosomiasis transmission. Further integrated interventions require to be reinforced to timely manage the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis and promote the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis.
［摘要］ 目的分析2015—2019年镇江市国家监测点血吸虫病监测结果, 为巩固血吸虫病防治成果、及时处置风险因 素提供科学依据。方法2015—2019年在镇江市设立7个国家血吸虫病监测点, 按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案 (2014年 版) 》要求, 对本地居民和流动人群、牛羊等家畜血吸虫感染情况以及钉螺孳生环境等进行系统监测, 对5年血吸虫病监 测结果进行分析。结果2015—2019年, 镇江市7个国家血吸虫病监测点累计开展本地人群和流动人群血吸虫病血清 学筛查15 848人·次和7 779人·次, 血检阳性率分别为0.95%～1.75% 和0.14%～0.91%, 均未发现病原学阳性者; 筛查 牛、羊、猪等各类家畜1 885 头·次, 均未发现粪检血吸虫阳性家畜。累计调查各类钉螺孳生及可疑钉螺孳生环境 3 333.79 hm2, 查出有螺面积108.71 hm2, 其中钉螺复现面积50.97 hm2; 5年活螺密度为0.007～0.125只/0.1 m2, 呈逐年 增高趋势 (χ2 = 2 732.626, P ＜ 0.01), 未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。结论镇江市血吸虫病疫情已维持在较低水平, 防治 成果较为巩固。但钉螺分布仍较广, 血吸虫病传播危险因素依然存在。今后要加强钉螺控制等综合措施, 及时发现和处 置血吸虫病传播风险, 推进消除血吸虫病进程。.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemic trend of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2018, so as to provide evidence for formulating targeted control measures.
METHODS: The permanent residents at ages of 3 years and greater and the immigrants who had lived in Zhenjiang City for more than one year were selected as the study subjects. Fecal samples were collected, and the soil-transmitted nematode eggs were detected in fecal samples with the modified Kato-Katz technique (three smears from one stool sample), while the children at ages of 12 years and lower were tested for Enterobius vermicularis eggs using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method. The prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections were estimated in Zhenjiang City each year from 2006 to 2018, and the data pertaining to the deworming for soil-transmitted nematode infections were collected during the study period.
RESULTS: A total of 202 880 person-times were subjected to stool examinations in Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2018, and 946 persons were detected with soil-transmitted nematode infections, with a mean prevalence of 0.47%. The overall prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematode infections appeared a decline tendency (P < 0.01), with a reduction from 1.10% in 2006 to 0.11% in 2018, and there was a region-specific overall prevalence (P < 0.01), with the highest prevalence seen in Runzhou District (1.65%) and the lowest detected in New District (0.04%). The mean prevalence of human Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura infections was 0.33%, 0.09% and 0.04% in Zhenjiang City, respectively, and showed a decline tendency year by year from 2006 to 2018 (P < 0.01). Among all infections, mild infections were predominant. During the period from 2006 through 2018, a total of 45 427 children were examined in Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2018, and 145 children were positive for E. vermicularis infections, with a mean prevalence of 0.32%. The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections decreased from 1.33% in 2006 to 0.22% in 2018 in children, and the overall prevalence appeared a decline tendency (P < 0.01). A single parasite infection was predominant in soil-transmitted nematode infections (97.46%), and mixed infection of two parasites were mainly detected before 2007. A total of 535 089 person-times received deworming in Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2018, and the rate of adverse events was 0.002%.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the soil-transmitted nematode infection is at a low level in Zhenjiang City, and the overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections shows a decline tendency year by year. The surveillance and health education of soil-transmitted nematodiasis should be further intensified to consolidate the control achievements.
［摘要］ 目的 了解2006–2018年镇江市土源性线虫病流行动态, 为制定有针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法 2006–2018年以镇江市辖区内≥ 3周岁的常住居民及在本地居住满1年以上的外来人口作为监测对象, 采集其粪便样本, 采用改良加藤厚涂片法 (1粪3检) 检测粪便中土源性线虫虫卵, 12周岁及以下儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法以检测蛲虫; 计算各年各虫种感染率和感染度, 并收集该期间内全市土源性线虫病驱虫服药数据。结果 2006–2018 年全市累计粪检202 880人·次, 共检出土源线虫感染者946例, 平均感染率为0.47%; 人群总感染率从2006年的1.10%降至2018年的0.11%, 总体呈下降趋势 (P < 0.01); 各市 (区) 总感染率存在差异 (P < 0.01), 以润州区最高 (1.65%), 新区最低 (0.04%) 。全市人群蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫平均感染率分别为0.33%、0.09%和0.04%, 且呈逐年下降趋势 (P 均< 0.01); 感染均以轻度为主。2006–2018年全市累计检查45 427名儿童, 共检出蛲虫感染者145例, 平均感染率为0.32%; 儿童蛲虫感染率从2006 年的1.33%降至2018年的0.22%, 总体呈下降趋势(P < 0.01)。土源性线虫感染者以单虫种感染 (97.46%) 为主, 两虫混合感染主要集中在2007年前。2006–2018年全市累计驱虫服药535 089人·次, 人群不良反应出现率为0.002%。结论 目前镇江市人群土源性线虫病已处于低流行状态, 感染率总体呈逐年下降趋势。后续应进一步加强土源性线虫病监测和健康教育, 以巩固防治成果。.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the reasonable strategies and measures for malaria prevention and control.
METHODS: The epidemiological data of malaria in Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2017 were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, species of Plasmodium, blood test status for febrile patients.
RESULTS: A total of 182 malaria cases were reported in Zhenjiang City between 2004 and 2017, 123 cases (67.58%) were infected with P. vivax, and 55 cases (30.22%) were infected with P. falciparum. Among all the reported cases, 41 (22.53%) were local cases, 66 (36.26%) were imported cases from other provinces in China, 75 (41.21%) were imported cases from abroad. Most of the cases were male (133 cases), and 59.89% of them concentrated in the age groups of 20-50 years. These cases were mainly farmers (24.73%, 45/182) and workers (24.18%, 44/182), and most of the cases occurred from July to September. From 2004 to 2017, the blood tests were conducted for 258 879 febrile patients, with a positive detection rate of 0.007% in the local population and 0.724% in floating population, and there was a statistically significant difference between them (P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Since 2011, no indigenous cases have been reported in Zhenjiang City, and therefore, the control of imported malaria from abroad has become the key of malaria prevention and control in this city.
[摘要] 目的 分析 2004–2017 年镇江市疟疾疫情及流行特征, 为制定合理的疟疾防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方 法收集 2004–2017 年镇江市疟疾疫情资料, 采用描述性流行病学方法 对疟疾疫情、流行特征、病例类型及发热病人血 检情况进行分析。结果  2004–2017 年镇江市共报告疟疾病例 182 例, 其中间日疟 123 例 (67.58%), 恶性疟 55 例 (30.22%); 本地感染病例 41 例 (22.53%), 国内输入性病例 66 例 (36.26%), 境外输入性病例 75 例 (41.21%)。 182 例疟疾 病例主要为男性 (133 例); 年龄集中在 20 ～ 50 岁, 占 59.89%; 职业以农民和工人为主, 分别占 24.73% (45/182) 和 24.18% (44/182); 发病高峰集中在每年 7–9 月。 2004–2017 年镇江市血检发热病人 258 879 人, 本地人口血检阳性率为 0.007%, 流动人口血检阳性率为 0.724%, 两者差异有统计学意义 (P < 0.01)。结论 镇江市自 2011 年起已无本地感染疟疾病例 报告, 境外输入性疟疾防控已成为本市疟疾防控的重点。.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the strategy of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
METHODS: The comprehensive prevention and control strategy was carried out in RunzhouDistrict, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. The strategy was relied mainly on the Oncomelania hupensis snail control, extended chemotherapy of schistosomiasis in residents and the health education. The infection rate of schistosomiasis in residents, area with snails, area with snails controlled, and the rates of awareness and correct behavior of schistosomiasis were as evaluation indexes.
RESULTS: The area with snails controlled was 7 091.50 hm2 in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City from 2001 to 2016. The area with snails reduced year by year from 2001 to 2016. There was a negative correlation between the coverage intensity of snail control and the area with snails (r = -0.874, P = 0). There were 1 703 serum positive and 199 fecal positive people of schistosomiasis in the permanent residents from 2001 to 2016. These serum and fecal positive people of schistosomiasis were all treated with praziquantel. The serum positive rate of schistosomiasis in the permanent residents dropped to below 1.0% after 2005. The fecal positive patients were not found in 2004 and later. Totally 189 639 people received the questionnaire survey for the knowledge of schistosomiasis control from 2001 to 2016. The rates of awareness and correct behavior of schistosomiasis were raised in the residents year by year. The goal of the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis came to true in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City in 2016.
CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive prevention and control strategy including mainly the snail control, extended chemotherapy of schistosomiasis and health education could achieve the goal of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in the areas of marshland along the Yangtze River.
[摘要] 目的 评价镇江市润洲区血吸虫病传播阻断策略的实施效果。方法 2001-2016年在镇江市润洲区实施以全 覆盖灭螺、血吸虫病扩大化疗和健康教育为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略, 以居民血吸虫感染率、有螺面积、灭螺面积和居 民血防知识知晓率、行为正确率为指标评估综合防治策略的实施效果。结果 2001-2016年镇江市润州区有螺面积总 体呈下降趋势, 累计灭螺面积7 091.50 hm2, 有螺面积和总灭螺覆盖强度呈显著负相关 (r = -0.874,P = 0) 。2001-2016 年镇江市润州区常住居民血吸虫病血检阳性1 703例, 粪检阳性病人199例; 对粪检阳性者和血检阳性者全部采用吡喹 酮进行治疗和扩大化疗; 2005年后居民血检阳性率下降至1%以下, 自2004年后未查出粪检阳性病人。2001-2016年问 卷调查居民189 639人次, 居民血防知识知晓率和行为正确率逐年提升。全区于2016年达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准。结论江滩型血吸虫病流行区实施以全覆盖灭螺、吡喹酮扩大化疗和健康教育为主的综合防治策略可实现血吸虫病传 播阻断目标。.