现代农业在实现恒定产量稳定性方面遇到了一些挑战,特别是由于疾病爆发和缺乏长期抗病作物品种。在过去,重要经济作物的疾病爆发对粮食安全和经济产生了重大影响。另一方面,气候驱动的新路径的出现或其宿主特异性的变化进一步对可持续农业构成了严重威胁。目前,基于化学的控制策略经常用于控制微生物病原体和害虫,但它们对环境有有害影响,也导致了抗性植物病原体的发展。作为替代品,培育工程抗病作物可以帮助减少常规农药对农业和环境的负面影响。传统育种和基因工程虽然在作物病害改良中发挥了重要作用,但却存在一定的局限性,时间消耗,效率低。在这方面,基因组编辑已成为提高作物抗病性的潜在工具之一,它以更高的准确性和效率靶向多种性状。例如,基因组编辑技术,如CRISPR/Cas9,CRISPR/Cas13,基础编辑,TLENs,ZFNs,和大范围核酸酶,已经证明通过靶向诱变成功地提高了作物的抗病性,基因敲除,击倒,修改,和激活靶基因。CRISPR/Cas9在这些技术中是独一无二的,因为它具有显著的功效,低风险的目标外的影响,和易用性。开发CRISPR介导的抗病作物的一些主要目标是宿主易感基因(S基因方法),抗性基因(R基因)和阻止其发育的病原体遗传物质,广谱抗病性。基因组编辑方法的使用具有显着改善作物抗病性并在未来改变农业实践的潜力。这篇综述强调了植物病原体对农业生产力的影响。接下来,我们讨论了在关注基因组编辑的同时提高抗病性的工具。我们提供了基因组编辑的最新成就,以及提高作物抗病性的潜力,不同作物系统中的真菌和病毒病原体。最后,我们强调了在不同作物系统中进行基因组编辑以增强抗病性的未来挑战。
Modern agriculture has encountered several challenges in achieving constant yield stability especially due to disease outbreaks and lack of long-term disease-resistant crop cultivars. In the past, disease outbreaks in economically important crops had a major impact on food security and the economy. On the other hand climate-driven emergence of new pathovars or changes in their host specificity further poses a serious threat to sustainable agriculture. At present, chemical-based control strategies are frequently used to control microbial pathogens and pests, but they have detrimental impact on the environment and also resulted in the development of resistant phyto-pathogens. As a replacement, cultivating engineered disease-resistant crops can help to minimize the negative impact of regular pesticides on agriculture and the environment. Although traditional breeding and genetic engineering have been instrumental in crop disease improvement but they have certain limitations such as labour intensity, time consumption, and low efficiency. In this regard, genome editing has emerged as one of the potential tools for improving disease resistance in crops by targeting multiple traits with more accuracy and efficiency. For instance, genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas13, base editing, TALENs, ZFNs, and meganucleases, have proved successful in improving disease resistance in crops through targeted mutagenesis, gene knockouts, knockdowns, modifications, and activation of target genes. CRISPR/Cas9 is unique among these techniques because of its remarkable efficacy, low risk of off-target repercussions, and ease of use. Some primary targets for developing CRISPR-mediated disease-resistant crops are host-susceptibility genes (the S gene method), resistance genes (R genes) and pathogen genetic material that prevents their development, broad-spectrum disease resistance. The use of genome editing methods has the potential to notably ameliorate crop disease resistance and transform agricultural practices in the future. This review highlights the impact of phyto-pathogens on agricultural productivity. Next, we discussed the tools for improving disease resistance while focusing on genome editing. We provided an update on the accomplishments of genome editing, and its potential to improve crop disease resistance against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in different crop systems. Finally, we highlighted the future challenges of genome editing in different crop systems for enhancing disease resistance.