背景:这项研究评估了心血管健康,饮食习惯,身体活动,抑郁症,和年轻大学成人的睡眠质量。
方法:横截面设计用于评估人体测量学,生物化学,和心血管健康行为。该研究包括158名年龄在18至30岁之间的大学生(65%为女性,35%的男性,平均年龄:20.3±2.4岁),通过非概率抽样选择。测量包括BMI,腰围,血压,葡萄糖,甘油三酯,HDL和LDL胆固醇,和内脏脂肪使用生物电阻抗。健康行为通过身体活动问卷进行评估,水果和蔬菜的消费,吸烟,超加工食品消费,和睡眠质量使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数。使用“生活基本8”问卷评估心血管健康指数,并使用贝克抑郁量表评估抑郁。统计分析包括方差分析,费舍尔F检验,学生t检验,和简单线性回归,使用SPSS统计25.0版(IBMCorp.2017年发布IBMSPSSStatisticsforWindows,版本25.0。Armonk,纽约:IBM公司),显著性设置为p<0.05。
结果:女性表现出对健康行为的更好坚持。较高的水果和蔬菜消耗以及体力活动与较低的内脏脂肪有关。较高的内脏脂肪与血压升高和HDL胆固醇降低相关。吸烟和经常食用超加工食品与较高的抑郁评分有关,这与睡眠质量较差有关。
结论:健康的生活习惯对身心健康至关重要,为公共卫生干预提供依据。
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated cardiovascular health, dietary habits, physical activity, depression, and sleep quality in young university adults.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to assess anthropometric, biochemical, and cardiovascular health behaviors. The study included 158 university students aged 18 to 30 years (65% women, 35% men, average age: 20.3 ± 2.4 years), selected through non-probabilistic sampling. Measurements included BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and visceral fat using bioelectrical impedance. Health behaviors were evaluated via questionnaires on physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking, ultra-processed food consumption, and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The cardiovascular health index was assessed with the \"Life\'s Essential 8\" questionnaire and depression was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Fisher\'s F test, Student\'s t-test, and simple linear regression, conducted using SPSS Statistics version 25.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp), with significance set at p<0.05.
RESULTS: Women showed better adherence to healthy behaviors. Higher fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity were associated with lower visceral fat. Higher visceral fat is correlated with increased blood pressure and decreased HDL cholesterol. Smoking and frequent ultra-processed food consumption were linked to higher depression scores, which were associated with poorer sleep quality.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle habits are crucial for physical and mental health, providing a basis for public health interventions.