Background The widespread availability of Internet access and the rising popularity of social media platforms have facilitated the dissemination of health-related information, including dental health practices. However, assessing the quality and effectiveness of such information remains a challenge, particularly concerning traditional practices such as Miswak (Salvadora persica) usage. This study aims to assess the description, use, and effectiveness of the Miswak (Salvadora persica) chewing stick posted as video clips on YouTube™ and provide considerations for future interventions. Methodology YouTube videos were searched using the terms \"Miswak,\" \"Siwak,\" \"Salvadora persica,\" and \"Chewing stick.\" Each video\'s descriptive features, i.e., title, links, country of origin, upload date, running time, views, comments, likes, and dislikes, were recorded. Content quality was assessed using the DISCERN tool, which rates the reliability, dependability, and trustworthiness of online sources across 16 items. Scores were aggregated for analysis. The statistical analysis examined video features and associations between the speaker, video type, source, and quality, with significance set at a p-value <0.05 using SPSS Statistics Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results A total of 45 videos were included in the study, with the majority (62%) created by the \"other professionals\" category. Almost three-quarters (73.3%) of the videos were educational. The quality of the video clips was correlated with the speaker source and category of \"other,\" revealing that high-quality information was considered such when the source was other than a dentist. Further, we found that a video\'s source did not elicit differences in the opinion of the video\'s quality. Conclusions This social media analysis provides considerations and implications for future research on the potential use of YouTube as a platform for Miswak educational interventions.

UNASSIGNED: Health promotion videos are trending and abundant. Information provided in these videos is not verified by any designated experts but is popular. In this paper we discuss the prevalence of such videos and guide patients on how to verify their authenticity. The paper accepts that these videos are abundant and necessary in an age driven by open access to information and commercial interests.
UNASSIGNED: The paper uses evidence from previous studies and observations of authors to propose the inclusion of YouTube in the health promotion toolkit of Ghanaian and African health systems.
UNASSIGNED: The paper proposes the improvement of health literacy and patient-caregiver communication in preparation for an active role for YouTube as a health promotion tool.
UNASSIGNED: For patients, the paper recommends improved health literacy and communication with caregivers as an effective safety mechanism against misleading content. Caregivers are advised to accommodate patient views influenced by YouTube videos and be active participants in online spaces. Research on health literacy and effective patient-caregiver communication is recommended.

According to reports, Internet users spend an average of 8 h online per day, with a significant portion of this time dedicated to social media platforms such as YouTube. Among content creators on YouTube, eduTubers produce educational content. Students are increasingly using digital social media platforms as a supplement and support to education. Although certain educators question the validity of such educational videos, only limited studies have examined the scientific and academic rigor of eduTubers. This study identifies the underlying theoretical principles in the practices of eduTubers through qualitative research that employs digital methods and ethnographic tools. This study examined 13 eduTubers and analyzed 196 videos and more than 7500 comments from their channels. The results reveal four categories of practices, namely, pedagogical strategies, content management, resource management, and communication strategies. These practices unconsciously incorporate principles from various learning (e.g., cognitive theory of multimedia learning or the theory of meaningful learning) and communication (e.g., inverted pyramid theory or the temptation of teacher prophecy) theories. Educators could benefit from familiarizing themselves with and adopting the practices of eduTubers to enhance students\' perception about learning in classrooms.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to evaluate the performance, comprehensiveness, reliability, and quality of English-language YouTube videos addressing the subject of multiple sclerosis and sexuality.
UNASSIGNED: In August 2023, a search was conducted on a computer using the keywords \"multiple sclerosis and sexuality,\" \"multiple sclerosis and sexual health,\" \"multiple sclerosis and sexual health problems,\" and \"multiple sclerosis and sexual dysfunction\" for this descriptive study. According to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 videos that met the research purpose were examined. The related URLs were recorded. For each video, the following information was collected: content producers, performance with YouTube statistics, comprehensiveness with a form developed by researchers, reliability with Singh\'s Reliability Evaluation Form, and quality with Global Quality Scale. Two researchers independently evaluated the videos.
UNASSIGNED: Eighty-nine and a half percent of the videos contained information presented by professionals. The average number of views was 2699.132 ± 3382.848, the comprehensiveness score was 4.2 ± 1.711, the reliability score was 3.184 ± 1.182, and the quality score was 3.421 ± 1.2. Nearly half (42.2%) contained good and useful information for viewers, and half (50%) had high video quality. The reliability and quality scores of videos containing each item in terms of comprehensiveness were higher compared to videos that did not include that item (p < 0.05). In addition, the videos with higher comprehensiveness scores had higher quality and reliability scores (p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: These results underscore the constrained performance attributes of YouTube videos addressing multiple sclerosis and sexuality, with their content exhibiting a moderate level of comprehensiveness, reliability, and quality. These results may provide a basis for increasing the effectiveness of YouTube videos on multiple sclerosis and sexuality.

BACKGROUND: YouTube™ has a great role in providing information, which includes educational videos, to more than 2 billion users, making it the second most popular application in the world. BE-FAST is a modified version of the FAST mnemonic and is used to detect acute ischemic stroke by the patients or their relatives. The purpose of this study is to assess the overall usefulness of the information of YouTube in patients to realize an acute stroke attack.
METHODS: YouTube was searched for the following five terms: \"stroke\", \'\'stroke diagnosis\", \"stroke signs\", \"brain attack\" and \"what is stroke\" in November 2021 and May 2023, separately. Two independent neurology specialists scored each video by using Global Quality Scale (GQS).
RESULTS: Among the total of 150 videos, the number that met inclusion criteria was 91 for the November 2021 search and 104 for the May 2023 search. For the 2021 search, in 30 videos (33%), the FAST mnemonic or its contents were noticed, whereas BE-FAST was mentioned in only four videos (4.4%). For the 2023 search, the FAST mnemonic or its contents were noticed in 36 videos (34.6%) and BE-FAST was mentioned in 11 videos (10.6%). Among the 2021 and 2023 searches, the mean GQS values were 3.09 and 2.96 points, 50 (54.8%) vs. 56 (53.8%) videos rated 3.5 points or higher (high quality), respectively. GQS scores of the videos mentioning balance, eyes, face, arms, speech, and time, the basic and advanced information about radiology and treatment, and mentioning FAST, BE-FAST, and TPA were significantly higher.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that YouTube is not yet a very useful tool for patients to realize that they may have acute ischemic stroke, though over the years; information available on social media for healthcare information and education has improved.

Background Patients utilize online health information to inform their medical decision-making. YouTube is one of the most popular media platforms with abundant health-related resources, yet the quality of the disseminated information remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the quality and reliability of content pertaining to diverticulosis and diverticulitis on YouTube. Methods One author queried the terms \"diverticulosis,\" \"diverticulitis,\" \"acute diverticulitis,\" and \"chronic diverticulitis\" on YouTube. The first 50 videos per search were selected for analysis. Duplicates, non-English videos, or procedural content were excluded. Video characteristics including view count, likes, comments, duration, days since upload, view ratio, video power index, and video sources (professional organizations (POs), health information websites (HIWs), and entertainment/independent users (EIUs)) were collected. Videos were scored using the mDISCERN and Global Quality Score (GQS). Results Sixty-four videos were included. DISCERN scores significantly differed between POs (n=20, mean=4.35), HIWs (n=29, mean=2.97), and EIUs (n=15, mean=1.83). GQS also significantly differed between POs (n=20, mean=4.47), HIWs (n=29, mean=3.62), and EIUs (n=15, mean=2.5). Video characteristics significantly differed between groups, with most user engagement seen in EIUs. Conclusion POs and HIWs disseminate higher quality health information about diverticular disease on YouTube. The higher viewer engagement with EIUs is concerning, as these sources were found to have lower quality content. Although YouTube has the capability to provide valuable information on diverticulosis and diverticulitis, enhanced content screening is needed to ensure accuracy and validation.

The transition to a Circular Economy (CE) is rapidly gaining ground across countries and industries. It is the means of achieving more sustainable development by adopting innovative environmentally friendly strategies and saving primary resources. There are several studies indicating the increasing public and corporate interest in the CE but still remain limited in terms of the multitude and utilization of social media data. This work aims to shed light on the most common topics discussed on the YouTube platform, related to the CE. For this reason, we selected 17 videos including the term \"Circular Economy\" since these have been the most relevant with a sufficient number of comments and views. The model identified two main topics referring to \"Sustainable industry and environmental responsibility\" and \"Circular Economy and resource management\" which is a strong indicator of the people\'s interest in the utilization of resources alongside industrial and corporate activities. The two-topic configuration presented the highest coherence score; however, five and ten-topic configurations have been deployed since there was no extreme differentiation in the model\'s performance, which could provide more detailed insights. This work\'s innovation lies in utilizing Machine Learning techniques and social media data to unravel CE\'s debates.

BACKGROUND: The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine is a subset of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology that produces images of the body using magnetic field gradients. The MRI Machine has two components: the computer-based control centre room and the adjacent MRI machine room where the patient undergoes the scan.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of YouTube videos about MRI machines, MRI scans, and MRI claustrophobia and compare the quality and reliability of the videos among different types of uploaders.  Methodology: The YouTube Search Algorithm and a Google Sheets questionnaire were used to evaluate 10 videos that satisfied the inclusion criteria of the study. The video analytics included were title, number of views, likes and dislikes, comments, duration, source, and content. The quality of each video was established using the Global Quality Score (GQS), Reliability Score, and Video Power Index (VPI), where each quantifier went through statistical analysis using SPSS software, version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to determine if there was any significance.
RESULTS: In order to determine statistical differences between the groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used on the quantifiers GQS, reliability score, and VPI to generate p-values. The p-value for VPI is 0.467, GQS is 0.277, and reliability is 0.316. All the p-values are greater than 0.05, showing that there is no statistical support for any significant difference between the groups in their VPI, GQS and reliability scores.
CONCLUSIONS: YouTube videos with high-quality and reliable information on MRI machines, MRI procedures, and claustrophobia, especially those uploaded by clinicians and hospitals, can provide correct information, helping patients decide to undergo these procedures and alleviate claustrophobia.

BACKGROUND: Most Americans now access social media platforms, including YouTube, to obtain health information. However, few studies have evaluated the quality of YouTube content related to opioid use disorder (OUD), including medications for OUD (MOUD; buprenorphine) and harm reduction resources (e.g., naloxone). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to assess the quality, accuracy, and reliability of MOUD and harm reduction-related video content available on YouTube.
METHODS: The study team conducted a YouTube search between June 2022 and July 2022 using key words related to MOUD and harm reduction content (e.g., \"suboxone,\" \"methadone,\" \"Narcan\"). The 5 most viewed videos from each search term were analyzed for quality (i.e., Global Quality Scale; GQS), accuracy (i.e., JAMA Benchmark Criteria), and reliability (i.e., DISCERN). Videos that were non-English, duplicate, or that did not directly mention OUD, MOUD, or harm reduction were excluded from the review (N = 6).
RESULTS: YouTube videos (N = 70) were mostly produced by medical professionals (27.1 %), independent nonmedical users (21.4 %; e.g., vloggers, individuals documenting their experiences), medical organizations (17.1 %; e.g., hospitals, treatment programs), and/or media (14.3 %; e.g., news agencies). The target audience was primarily the general public (65.7 %), people who use opioids (20.0 %), and healthcare providers (10.0 %). Videos containing MOUD content (N = 64, 61.4 %) mostly focused on suboxone (25.0 %), methadone (23.4 %), Sublocade (14.1 %), and subutex/buprenorphine (14.1 %). The median quality score was 2 based on the GQS with 3 videos receiving the highest quality rating (5). Two videos were highly rated for accuracy per all three JAMA Benchmark criteria. Videos produced by nonmedical educational channels had the highest overall reliability scores on the DISCERN criteria (median 4), followed by medical professionals (median 3), and medical organizations (median 2.5).
CONCLUSIONS: The overall quality, accuracy, and reliability of MOUD and harm reduction related content posted on YouTube is poor. The lack of evidence-based content posted on YouTube reinforces the need for public health expert involvement in disseminating guideline-based content on social media.

Rampant social media use allows individuals and organizations to broadcast their views to scoping audiences with minimal requirements for vetting or validating shared information. We discuss the impact of disinformation transmitted via social media and use the recent example of false information broadcast concerning sunscreens recently reported in the Wall Street Journal. We also highlight the ethical consequences of social media influencers who disseminate unchecked information and the need for healthcare professionals to be involved to enhance accountability, goodwill, and truthfulness.