随着传统卤化阻燃剂(HFRs)的逐步淘汰,如十溴二苯醚(BDE-209),新兴的,例如十溴二苯基乙烷(DBDPE),正在广泛生产。我们开展了野外活动,以评估莱州湾河口和沿海食物网中遗留和新兴HFRs的营养转移,位于中国最大的HFR制造基地附近。海水,沉积物,浮游生物,无脊椎动物,鱼是从两个地点收集的。BDE-209是河口的主要化合物,而DBDPE是海湾HFR的主要贡献者,其次是BDE-209。无脊椎动物,尤其是双壳类和海参,BDE-209和DBDPE的含量高于鱼类。两个沿海地带生物的HFR水平相当,尽管它们在河口水中的浓度比海湾中的浓度高一个数量级。底栖生物的HFR分布与沉积物中的相似,表明HFRs在沿海食物网中的生物积累取决于栖息地。ΣHFR浓度遵循无脊椎动物的顺序过滤摄食>食肉,水下非洄游鱼类的HFR水平高于海洋鱼类。估计的BDE-209营养放大因子,和DBDPE均低于1,表明两个食物网中的生物稀释潜力,而一些多溴二苯醚同源物表现出生物放大能力。喂养习惯,栖息地,疏水性,生物利用度,代谢可能是影响中国北方河口沿海生态系统中HFRs生物积累的主要因素。
With the phase-out of legacy halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), emerging ones, such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), are being widely produced. We conducted field campaigns to assess the trophic transfer of legacy and emerging HFRs in estuarine and coastal food webs of Laizhou Bay, which are located near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China. Seawater, sediment, plankton, invertebrates, and fish were collected from both sites. BDE-209 was the predominant compound in the estuary, whereas DBDPE was the main contributor to HFRs in the bay, followed by BDE-209. Invertebrates, especially bivalves and sea cucumbers, showed higher levels of BDE-209 and DBDPE than fish. The HFR levels in the organisms of the two coastal zones were comparable to each other, although their concentrations in the estuarine water were one order of magnitude higher than those in the bay. The HFR profiles in benthic organisms were similar to those in the sediments, indicating that the bioaccumulation of HFRs in coastal food webs depended on the habitat. The ΣHFR concentrations followed the order filter-feeding > carnivorous for invertebrates, and demersal non-migratory fish showed higher HFR levels than oceanodromous fish. The trophic magnification factors estimated for BDE-209, dechlorane plus, and DBDPE were lower than 1, suggesting biodilution potential in both food webs, whereas several PBDE congeners exhibited biomagnification capacity. Feeding habits, habitats, hydrophobicity, bioavailability, and metabolism may be the main factors impacting the bioaccumulation of HFRs in organisms in estuarine-coastal ecosystems of northern China.