Wilfred Bion

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    李尔王是人类试图在不断的生存动荡中寻找意义的永恒阐述。这需要导航与附属关系并存的自然和有害的人类行为的瓦解拉力,相互展示促进生活的手势。随着社会和二维心理结构提供的可预测性和安全性的崩溃,这部剧中的几个角色被迫考虑到不驯服的人,头脑和自然世界的组织较少。这导致了精神瘫痪和解体的运动,以及成长和人际康复,取决于字符内部结构的动力学。
    King Lear is a timeless exposition of humankind\'s attempt to find meaning amidst the ceaseless turbulence of existence. This entails navigating the disintegrating pulls of nature and harmful human action that exist alongside affiliative, life-promoting gestures shown toward one another. As the predictability and safety afforded by social and two-dimensional psychic constructs collapse, several characters in this play are forced to reckon with the untamed, less organized realms of the mind and natural world. This leads to movements toward psychic paralysis and disintegration, as well as toward growth and interpersonal healing, dynamics that hinge on the characters\' internal structuring.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    他所有的生活,WilfredBion试图设计一种叙事形式,以描述他在第一次世界大战中作为坦克指挥官所经历的创伤经历。他的自传作品,它由他生命的不同阶段所写的文本组成,仍然是零碎的,记录了他拼命努力从世界历史上最骇人听闻的趋势中夺取自己的传记。作为一个整体,它证明了并且是一生试图理解一些难以理解的东西的结果,表达一些无法形容的东西,恢复被摧毁的东西。它代表了类似于Bion活着就无法逃脱的心理灾难的原始历史。本文首先在简要介绍Bion生活的外部事实的背景下,概述了这些自传和文学作品。然后,它对Bion试图为整个战争中最可怕的事件找到叙事形式的序列进行叙事分析,这不仅是他一生中留下的深刻的创伤经历,但也导致了他认为是他的精神死亡。一起来看,这些序列令人印象深刻地显示了逐渐消除或至少适应瘫痪创伤的心理灾难的痛苦工作,其原因远远超出了个人和私人。这篇文章旨在为仍未成文的对比昂自传的遗传背景的调查做出贡献,文学,和理论著作的数字,以及其中所体现的概念和写作策略。
    All his life, Wilfred Bion attempted to devise a narrative form for an account of the traumatic experiences he went through as a tank commander in the First World War. The body of his autobiographical works, which consists of texts written in different stages of his life and remain fragmentary, documents his desperate efforts to wrest a biography of his own from the most appalling tendencies of world history. As a whole, it testifies for and is the result of a lifelong attempt to understand something incomprehensible, to express something unspeakable, to restore something destroyed. It represents something akin to the primal history of the psychic catastrophe that Bion failed to escape from as long as he lived. The article first provides an overview of these autobiographical and literary writings against the background of a brief account of the external facts of Bion\'s life. It then undertakes a narrative analysis of the sequences in which Bion tries to find a narrative form for the arguably most terrible event of the entire war which not only was a deeply traumatic experience remaining with him throughout his life, but also resulted in what he felt to be his psychic death. Taken together, these sequences impressively show the painful work of gradually dissolving or at least coming to terms with the psychological catastrophe of a paralyzing trauma, the causes of which reach far beyond the individual and the private. The article sets out to contribute to the still unwritten inquiry into the genetic context in which Bion\'s autobiographical, literary, and theoretical writings figure, together with the concepts and writing strategies embodied in them.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    虽然灾难传统上在精神分析传统中被病态化,在本文中,我建议气候变化的灾难性现实要求我们所有人培养灾难性思维。我们的新气候常态不仅要求我们有新的概念和语言,也是一种新的思维,建立在威尔弗雷德·比昂的思想基础上,思考就是利用我们的头脑与内部和外部现实接触的能力。我建议有时人们能够以破坏文化主导的环境取向的方式从他们的创伤经历中学习,也就是说,超越人类环境的方向。相反,他们发展出一种灾难性的思考能力,并能渗透超过人类的环境。当我们与更热的星球共存并更有意识地回应时,我称之为“受创伤的敏感性”的东西可以提供指导。
    While catastrophizing has traditionally been pathologized within psychoanalytic traditions, in this paper I suggest that cataclysmic realities of climate change call upon all of us to cultivate catastrophic thinking. Our new climatic normal demands of us not only new concepts and language, but also a new sort of thinking, building on Wilfred Bion\'s ideas that to think is to use our mind\'s capacity to be in touch with internal and external realities. I suggest that sometimes people are able to learn from their experiences of trauma in ways that disrupt the culturally dominant anenvironmental orientation, that is, an orientation that brackets out the more-than-human environment. Instead, they develop a capacity to think catastrophically about and to be permeable to the more-than-human environment. What I call their \"traumatized sensibility\" can offer guidance as we come to co-exist with and respond more consciously to our hotter planet.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently ravaging health systems across the world. Psychiatric trainees are at risk of exposure to patients with COVID-19 given their clinical roles in emergency and inpatient psychiatric settings. This article represents a case study of group dynamics in which we reflect on our own experience as psychiatric residents at a Boston-area hospital system in the era of COVID-19 and apply Wilfred Bion\'s concepts of the \"work group\" and the \"basic assumption group\" processes of group operation. We assess dynamics between trainees and administrative leadership both at baseline and in the current pandemic. Since navigation through crises is more effective if group leadership recognizes and responds to basic assumption behaviors, we propose suggestions to enable health system administration to successfully lead health care organizations through periods of societal turmoil. We posit that these principles apply across settings, specialties, and provider types. In addition, we use our observations to indicate future directions for expanding Bion\'s theories in the contemporary context.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    随着威尔弗雷德·比昂的文本“从经验中学习”的出版,精神分析为理解婴儿与照顾者接触的过程和影响提供了一种新的模式。因此,我们对一些最基本的心理生活现象的概念得到了极大的丰富。通过提出他的阿尔法功能理论,Bion描绘了与内部和外部世界的有意义的联系如何在头脑中建立起来。相比之下,通过对精神病患者的临床工作,Bion揭示了这些联系如何灾难性地消失。正是有了这些想法,以及它们与马尔可夫毯相关的一组神经科学结构的链接,主要由卡尔·弗里斯顿开发,本文所关注的。通过对最初被称为“dream-work-alpha”的心理功能的调查,论文第一部分的重点是Bion如何构想“接触障碍”的创建,该障碍可以将意识与无意识的意识区分开来。投射这个组织的后果,然后探索接触屏障的精神病性解体。随后,讨论范围扩大,以纳入自由能神经科学的当代理论,这些理论与半个多世纪前Bion所支持的精神分析思想有着重要的和启发性的关系。最后,通过提出一系列三个问题并伴随讨论,尝试将这些理论图式叠加。这些建议直接解决,(1)感受性接触屏障和外感受性马尔可夫毯之间是否存在密切的联系,(2)接触屏障的消除是否可以反映为马尔可夫毯功能织物的撕裂,(3)在投影表面的水平上工作的临床意义。最终,本文的目的是揭示不同概念框架内部和之间的相关接触点;这些框架最终来自与检查大脑潜在机制有关的学科。
    With the publication of Wilfred Bion\'s text \'Learning from Experience,\' psychoanalysis was afforded a new schema for understanding the processes and implications involved in an infant\'s contact with their caregivers. As a result, our conception of some of the most fundamental phenomena of psychic life was significantly enriched. By proposing his theory of alpha-functioning, Bion mapped out how meaningful connexions to the internal and external worlds become established in the mind. In contrast, and through working clinically with psychotic patients, Bion revealed how these ties can catastrophically come undone. It is with these ideas, as well as their links to a corresponding set of neuroscientific constructs relating to the Markov blanket and principally developed by Karl Friston, that this paper is concerned. Through an investigation of the psychic functioning originally dubbed \'dream-work-alpha,\' the paper\'s first section focuses on how Bion conceived of the creation of a \'contact-barrier\' that allows for the differentiation of consciousness from an unconscious mind. Casting the ramifications of this organisation in sharp relief, the psychotic disorganisation of the contact-barrier is then explored. The discussion subsequently broadens to incorporate contemporary theories from free energy neuroscience that bear significant and illuminating relations to the psychoanalytic ideas espoused by Bion over half a century ago. Finally, through posing a series of three questions with accompanying discussions, a superimposition of these theoretical schemas is attempted. These suggestions directly address, (1) whether there is an intimate connexion between the interoceptive contact-barrier and the exteroceptive Markov blanket, (2) whether a disobjectalising of the contact-barrier may be reflected as a tear in the functional fabric of the Markov blanket, and (3) what the clinical implications are of working at the level of the projected surface. Ultimately, the aim of the paper is to expose relevant points of contact within and between the varying conceptual frameworks; frameworks that ultimately derive from disciplines that are both concerned with examining the underlying mechanisms of the mind-brain.
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  • 文章类型: Historical Article
    While Bion\'s 1967 memory and desire paper reflected a crucial episode in his clinical thinking during his epistemological period, it was also central to his evolution as a Kleinian psychoanalyst who worked with seriously disturbed adult patients. The author explicates and contextualizes these claims with a new archival document, the Los Angeles Seminars delivered by Bion in April 1967, and the full-length version of Notes on memory and desire. Bion here instigated a radical departure from years of theory-laden work when he made his clinical work and ideas accessible to a new audience of American Freudian analysts. While this new group was keenly interested to hear about Bion\'s clinical technique with both borderline and psychotic patients, there were varied reactions to Bion\'s ideas on the technical implications of the analyst\'s abandonment of memory and desire. Both the Los Angeles Seminars and Notes elicited responses ranging from bewilderment, admiration to skepticism amongst his audience of listeners and readers. These materials also however allow for a more complete and systematic presentation of important ideas about analytic technique - and while his ideas in this domain have been long valued and known by many psychoanalysts, this contribution stresses the crucial aspect of the reception of his ideas about technique in a particular American context. American analysts gained a much more explicit idea of how Bion worked analytically, how he listened, formulated interpretations and factored in the analyst\'s listening receptivity in the here-and-now. The author concludes with a consideration of the importance of Bion\'s American reception in 1967.
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