毒蛇的口腔可能含有致病微生物,在被咬伤后在伤口部位引起继发感染。我们收集了台湾7种野生毒蛇的37个人的口腔样本,包括Najaatra(Na),Bungarusmulticinctus(Bm),原虫(Pm),Trimeresurusstejnegeri(Ts),Daboiasiamensis(Ds),尖刺(Da),和高山竹叶松(Tg)。使用全长16SrRNA扩增子测序分析鉴定细菌种类,这是首次使用该技术调查多种台湾蛇类口腔微生物群的研究。从蛇的口腔中鉴定出多达1064种细菌,其中24种致病性和24种非致病性物种最丰富。在我们的研究中检测到的最丰富的口腔细菌物种与以前的研究中发现的不同,根据蛇的种类不同,收集网站,取样组织,文化依赖,和分析方法。多变量分析表明,Na、Bm,和Pm都与其他物种显著不同,而那些在Ts中,Ds,Da,和Tg显示出更少的差异。在这里,我们揭示了多种野生蛇的微生物多样性,并为野生动物医学和蛇咬伤管理的经验性抗生素选择提供了潜在的治疗意义。
A venomous snake\'s oral cavity may harbor pathogenic microorganisms that cause secondary infection at the wound site after being bitten. We collected oral samples from 37 individuals belonging to seven species of wild venomous snakes in Taiwan, including Naja atra (Na), Bungarus multicinctus (Bm), Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Pm), Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Ts), Daboia siamensis (Ds), Deinagkistrodon acutus (Da), and alpine Trimeresurus gracilis (Tg). Bacterial species were identified using full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis, and this is the first study using this technique to investigate the oral microbiota of multiple Taiwanese snake species. Up to 1064 bacterial species were identified from the snake\'s oral cavities, with 24 pathogenic and 24 non-pathogenic species among the most abundant ones. The most abundant oral bacterial species detected in our study were different from those found in previous studies, which varied by snake species, collection sites, sampling tissues, culture dependence, and analysis methods. Multivariate analysis revealed that the oral bacterial species compositions in Na, Bm, and Pm each were significantly different from the other species, whereas those among Ts, Ds, Da, and Tg showed fewer differences. Herein, we reveal the microbial diversity in multiple species of wild snakes and provide potential therapeutic implications regarding empiric antibiotic selection for wildlife medicine and snakebite management.