BACKGROUND: Bitemporal hemianopia is usually caused by chiasmal pathology. Rarely, chorioretinal lesions may develop symmetrically in both eyes and mimic chiasmopathy.
METHODS: This case series included three patients who presented to a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology centre with bitemporal hemianopic defects between 2021 and 2023 and were subsequently diagnosed with bilateral chorioretinopathy. All patients received comprehensive examinations from a fellowship-trained neuro-ophthalmologist and uveitis specialist to rule out other causes of visual dysfunction.
RESULTS: Three males aged 64, 62, and 72 years were included. All patients showed bitemporal hemianopic defects crossing the vertical midline on automated perimetry and binasal thinning of the macular ganglion cell complex on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) showed classical features of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) in two patients and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in another. AZOOR diagnosis was preceded by neuroimaging in both cases, whereas the patient with CSCR had longstanding, electroretinography-confirmed lesions and did not require neuroimaging. Fundus appearance and visual field defects remained stable in all patients across 3-6 months of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral chorioretinopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bitemporal hemianopia in specific cases, including when visual field defects cross the vertical midline and when neuroimaging fails to reveal chiasmal pathology. FAF and macular OCT have high diagnostic yield as initial investigations.

A 63-year-old female patient presented with \"flashes of light in both eyes accompanied by decreased visual acuity for one year.\" Visual field examination revealed partial defects in the central 30° of the visual field in both eyes. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy showed extensive atrophic lesions across the entire posterior pole of the retina in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed atrophy and thinning of the retina in the macular regions, with significant atrophy of the photoreceptor inner segment and outer segment layer in the areas corresponding to the visual field defects. Fluorescein fundus angiography demonstrated thinning of the retinal arterioles. Early-phase imaging showed large window-like defects in the posterior retina with background fluorescence from choroidal macrovessels. In the late phase, patchy fluorescence staining with a circumferential hyperfluorescent area was observed. Pattern visual evoked potential and pattern electroretinography tests revealed a significant decrease in the P100 amplitude in both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with acute regional occult outer layer retinopathy in both eyes.
患者女性，63岁，因“双眼闪光感伴视力下降1年”就诊。视野检查见双眼中心30°视野部分缺损，双眼扫描激光眼底照相检查发现双眼视网膜整个后极部可见大范围萎缩灶，相干光层析成像术检查可见双眼黄斑区视网膜萎缩变薄，其中与视野异常相对应的区域光感受器内节和外节层萎缩消失，荧光素眼底血管造影术检查显示视网膜动脉变细，造影早期后极部视网膜大面积窗样缺损，透见脉络膜大血管背景荧光，晚期呈片状荧光着染，其周呈环状强荧光区。电生理检查显示双眼P100振幅明显下降。诊断双眼急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变。.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: To report a case of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) one month after a COVID-19 infection in a female patient at an age unusual for the occurrence of this disease.
METHODS: A 69-year-old Caucasian female reported the presence of floaters, photopsia, and enlarging vision loss in her left eye following the COVID-19 infection. Clinical and multimodal imaging was consistent with the MEWDS diagnosis. Fluorescein angiography examination revealed characteristic hyperfluorescent spots around the fovea in a wreath-like pattern. An extensive lab workup to rule out other autoimmune and infectious etiologies was inconclusive. Visual acuity and white dots resolved after a course of corticosteroids, which was confirmed on follow-up dilated fundus exam and multimodal imaging.
CONCLUSIONS: MEWDS is a rare white dot syndrome that may occur following COVID-19 infection in addition to other reported ophthalmic disorders following this infection.

UNASSIGNED: To report the longitudinal outcomes for AZOOR patients including treatment response, imaging evolution, and overlap with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS).
UNASSIGNED: Visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) outcomes of occult and overt AZOOR patients were retrospectively compared between the first and final visits as well as between the two AZOOR subtypes. For treated patients, rates of VA change and fundus lesion area were compared before and after treatment. Analyses were performed using STATA 17.
UNASSIGNED: Seventeen eyes from 11 occult AZOOR patients and 45 eyes from 29 overt AZOOR patients were included. In a composite VA/VF primary outcome, clinical improvement was noted in five occult AZOOR and three overt AZOOR patients. The decline of logarithm of the Minimal Angle of Resolution (logMAR) VA was minimal in both groups: 0.00016 units/month in occult AZOOR patients and 0.009 units/month in overt AZOOR patients (p = 0.94). Occult AZOOR patients were more likely to have improved or stable VF than overt AZOOR patients (p = 0.04). One occult AZOOR and two overt AZOOR patients developed MEWDS at subsequent visits. Treatment with steroids or immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) was initiated in one occult AZOOR patient and nine overt AZOOR patients. Treated patients had overall VA stability. Fundus lesion area in treated patients changed by a mean of 0.2831 mm2/month, with 40% of patients showing decreased lesion area.
UNASSIGNED: AZOOR patients generally maintained their VA. Overt AZOOR patients were more likely to receive steroids or IMT; treatment was associated with stabilization of VA.

The advent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the incidence and course of various diseases and numerous studies have investigated ocular involvement associated with COVID-19 and corresponding vaccines. In this study, we compared the incidence of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at a single center in Korea and analyzed the demographic and clinical features of patients with MEWDS presenting during the COVID-19 pandemic. We categorized patients with MEWDS into two groups according to date of diagnosis. Pre-COVID19 group included patients diagnosed during the pre-pandemic period (between March 11, 2017, and March 10, 2020), whereas post-COVID19 group included patients diagnosed during the pandemic period (between March 11, 2020, and March 10, 2023). 6 and 12 patients were included in pre-COVID19 group and post-COVID19 group, respectively. Among all hospital visits during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, 0.011% and 0.030% were due to MEWDS, indicating a significant increase during the pandemic (p = 0.029, B = 2.756). The annual incidence of patients with MEWDS in 2017-2022 were 0.73, 0.75, 0.78, 1.32, 2.49, and 2.07 per 10,000 population, respectively, corresponding to a significant increase (p = 0.039, B = 1.316). Our results imply that the incidence and manifestation of MEWDS are likely to become more diverse in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

OBJECTIVE: To report a recurrence of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) with an inflammatory choroidal neovascular membrane (iCNVM) after the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.
METHODS: Case report.
RESULTS: A 38-year-old female with a history of myopia and previous episodes of PIC and iCNVM presented with distorted vision in her right eye, seven days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The patient exhibited active PIC lesions with iCNVM confirmed on multimodal imaging. Treatment with a combination of oral corticosteroids and intravitreal anti-VEGF injection led to disease resolution. Subsequent COVID-19 vaccinations, administered while the patient was immunosuppressed, did not lead to disease relapse. However, relapse occurred following the fourth COVID-19 vaccine, when the patient was not immune suppressed.
CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the potential risk of PIC disease relapse following COVID-19 vaccination. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and PIC exacerbation, as well as to determine optimal management strategies in this population, including close observation and consideration of prophylactic immune suppression at the time of COVID-19 vaccine for high-risk individuals.

暂无摘要。

Considering the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines as a preventive measure against the spread of the virus, it\'s necessary to direct attention to the adverse effects associated with vaccines in a limited group of populations. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) following COVID-19 vaccination is a rare adverse reaction associated with COVID-19 vaccines. In this systematic review, we collected 19 articles with 27 patients up to November 1, 2023, summarizing the basic information, clinical manifestations, examinations, treatments, and recoveries of the 27 patients. The 27 enrolled patients (6 males, 21 females) had a median age of 34.1 years (15-71 years old) and were mainly from 5 regions: Asia (8), the Mediterranean region (8), North America (7), Oceania (3) and Brazil (1). Symptoms occurred post-first dose in 9 patients, post-second dose in 14 (1 with symptoms after both), post-third dose in 1, and both post-second and booster doses in 1, while details on 2 cases were not disclosed. Treatments included tapered oral steroids (6), topical steroids (3), tapered prednisone with antiviral drugs and vitamins (1), and valacyclovir and acetazolamide (1), while 16 received no treatment. All patients experienced symptom improvement, and nearly all patients ultimately recovered. Moreover, we summarized possible hypotheses concerning the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine-associated MEWDS. The findings provide insights into the clinical aspects of COVID-19 vaccine-associated MEWDS. More attention should be given to patients with vaccine-associated MEWDS, and necessary treatment should be provided to patients experiencing a substantial decline in visual acuity to improve their quality of life.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare inflammatory eye condition. We report an atypical case of MEWDS in a man in his 30s who presented with blurred vision (visual acuity 6/9), floaters and photopsia in his left eye. Funduscopy examination showed mild peripheral nasal vascular sheathing with subtle grey-white dots highlighted on fundus autofluorescence. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first case presentation whereby areas affected by MEWDS started in the peripheral retina and migrated centrally. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescent areas in wreath-like patterns nasally. Optical coherence tomography showed disruption of the ellipsoid zone and hyperreflective projections into the outer nuclear layer. The size of the involved area increased over 3 weeks and subsequently resolved over 4 months. Simultaneously, the patient\'s symptoms also resolved, without treatment. This case highlights the importance of multimodal imaging, especially ultrawidefield imaging in diagnosing MEWDS.