蜂蜡用作食品的包衣剂或包装材料,使其可能被消费者摄入。在欧洲还没有规定在这种类型的产品中污染物的最高水平。然而,作为一种天然产品,他们受到环境污染,因此,似乎有必要确定它们的污染率,以评估潜在的人类暴露。在这项研究中,一种提取包括农药在内的不同环境污染物的方法,邻苯二甲酸酯,开发了PAHs和酚。基于热索氏提取,接下来是清洁步骤,通过LC-MS/MS和GC-(MS)/MS对所引用污染物的定量进行了验证。分析了三种不同类型的蜡,包括典型的白蜡(CeraAlba)和黄蜡(CeraFlava)。研究表明,所有的蜡都存在至少一种污染物,邻苯二甲酸盐,特别是DEHP,存在于所有蜂蜡样品中。在筛选的所有农药类别中,大多数都发现了杀虫剂。黄蜡被发现污染的PAHs的比例最高(60%),农药(75%)和酚类(40%)。PAHs的检测频率,与邻苯二甲酸盐相比,是所有类型的蜡组合中最低的。
Beeswaxes are used as a coating agent or as a wrapping material for food products making them potentially ingested by consumers. There is no regulation yet in Europe giving maximum levels of contaminants in this type of product. Nevertheless, being a natural product, they are exposed to environmental pollution, thus it appears necessary to establish their contamination rate in order to evaluate potential human exposure. In this study, a method of extraction of different environmental contaminants including pesticides, phthalates, PAHs and phenols was developed. Based on a hot Soxhlet extraction, followed by cleaning steps, the method was validated for the quantitation of the cited contaminants by LC-MS/MS and GC-(MS)/MS. Three different types of
waxes were analyzed including typical white
waxes (Cera Alba) and yellow
waxes (Cera Flava). It was shown that all
waxes had the presence of at least one contaminant and that phthalates, in particular DEHP, was present in all beeswax samples. Insecticides were found in majority among all the classes of pesticides screened. The yellow
waxes were found to be contaminated with the highest rates of PAHs (60%), pesticides (75%) and phenols (40%). The detection frequency of PAHs, in contrast to phthalates, was the lowest for all the types of
waxes combined.