为了实现可持续发展目标(SDG)的具体目标6.1,中国采取了重大举措,以解决水资源分配不均的问题并提高水质。2000年以来,中国对众多水库的水利基础设施投入巨资,总库容增加4.704×1011m3(增加90.8%)。这些水库大大增加了可用于饮用水的淡水资源。同时,努力改善湖泊和水库的水质,在全国水质监测的推动下,已经成功了。因此,在中国,越来越多的湖泊和水库被指定为集中式饮用水源(CDWSs)。在所有省份的3441个CDWS中,40.8%来自湖泊和水库,32.6%来自河流,2023年,26.6%来自地下水。值得注意的是,从2016年到2023年,在所有29个省中,被归类为CDWSs的湖泊和水库的百分比一直在增加。这一进展使5.614亿城市居民在2022年获得了改善的饮用水源,而2004年为3.034亿。我们的发现强调了水基础设施建设和水质改善的关键作用,共同促进湖泊和水库成为重要的饮用水源。然而,从2000年代到2010年代,全国范围内的藻华激增了113.7%,这对饮用水安全是一个相当大的挑战。幸运的是,在过去的四年中,藻华得到了显着缓解。然而,承认湖泊和水库面临藻华的挑战仍然至关重要,以及相关的有毒微囊藻毒素和气味化合物。
To meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 6.1, China has undertaken significant initiatives to address the uneven distribution of water resources and to enhance water quality. Since 2000, China has invested heavily in the water infrastructure of numerous reservoirs, with a total storage capacity increase of 4.704 × 1011 m3 (an increase of 90.8%). These reservoirs have significantly enhanced the available freshwater resources for drinking water. Concurrently, efforts to improve water quality in lakes and reservoirs, facilitated by nationwide water quality monitoring, have been successful. As a result, an increasing lakes and reservoirs are designated as centralized drinking water sources (CDWSs) in China. Among the 3,441 CDWSs across all provinces, 40.8% are sourced from lakes and reservoirs, 32.6% from rivers, and 26.6% from groundwater in 2023. Notably, from 2016 to 2023, the percentage of lakes and reservoirs categorized as CDWSs has increased consistently across all 29 provinces. This progress has enabled 561.4 million urban residents to access improved drinking water sources in 2022, compared to 303.4 million in 2004. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of water infrastructure construction and water quality improvement jointly promoting lakes and reservoirs as vital drinking water sources. Nevertheless, the nationwide occurrence of algal blooms has surged by 113.7% from the 2000s to the 2010s , which is a considerable challenge to drinking water safety. Fortunately, algal blooms have been markedly alleviated in past four years. However, it is still crucial to acknowledge that lakes and reservoirs face the challenges of algal blooms, and associated toxic microcystin and odor compounds.