目的:目前的回顾性病例对照研究通过对妊娠早期子宫和上颌骨交界处出现的“叠加线”征的超声观察,评估了筛查胎儿腭裂的诊断价值。
方法:回顾性分析了在妊娠的头三个月(11-13+6周)从45例胎儿中获得的颈部透明透明(NT)的超声图像,这些胎儿后来在分娩或引产(病例)和4500例分娩后确认的正常胎儿(对照组)。观察并记录“叠加线”标志的超声特征,并进行组间比较.
结果:39例(86.67%)无“叠加线”征象,包括4例(8.89%)单纯继发性硬腭裂和35例(77.78%)继发性硬腭裂并发原发性腭裂。6例(13.33%)出现“叠加线”征,包括2例(4.44%)单纯继发性软腭裂,1例(2.22%)患有简单的继发性悬垂裂,单纯原发性腭裂3例(6.67%)。在4,500个控件中,31个胎儿显示没有“叠加线”符号(0.69%),4469个胎儿显示“叠加线”符号(99.31%)。组间差异显著(p<0.05)。敏感性,特异性,正预测值,妊娠早期“叠加线”标志预测胎儿腭裂的阴性预测值为86.67%(39/45),99.31%(4,469/4,500),55.71%(39/70),和99.86%(4,469/4,475),分别。
结论:只有在出现继发性硬腭裂和原发性腭裂的胎儿中,才会出现“叠加线”征。该症状出现在正常胎儿和单纯原发性腭裂的胎儿中,单纯的继发性软腭裂,或者简单的继发性悬垂双歧。基于这些结果,我们建议在妊娠早期(11-13+6周)胎儿面部正中矢状面的“叠加线”标志是筛查胎儿腭裂的重要工具,尤其是次生硬腭裂。
BACKGROUND: The current retrospective case-control study evaluates the diagnostic value of screening for a fetal cleft palate by using the ultra-sound-based observation of the \"superimposed-line\" sign appearing at the junction of the
vomer and maxilla in the first trimester of pregnancy.
METHODS: Retrospective analyses were performed of ultrasonographic images of nuchal translucency obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy (11-13+6 weeks) from 45 fetuses with a cleft palate later confirmed following parturition or induced labor (cases) and 4,500 normal fetuses confirmed after parturition (controls). Ultrasonographic features of the \"superimposed-line\" sign were observed and recorded, and between-group comparisons were performed.
RESULTS: The \"superimposed-line\" sign was absent in 39 cases (86.67%), including 4 (8.89%) with simple secondary hard palate cleft and 35 (77.78%) with secondary hard palate cleft complicated by a primary cleft palate. The \"superimposed-line\" sign was shown in 6 cases (13.33%), including 2 (4.44%) with a simple secondary soft palate cleft, 1 (2.22%) with a simple secondary bifid uvula, and 3 (6.67%) with a simple primary cleft palate. Among the 4,500 controls, 31 fetuses showed an absence of the \"superimposed-line\" sign (0.69%) and 4,469 showed the \"superimposed-line\" sign (99.31%). The between-group difference was significant (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the \"superimposed-line\" sign in the first trimester of pregnancy for predicting fetal cleft palate were 86.67% (39/45), 99.31% (4,469/4,500), 55.71% (39/70), and 99.86% (4,469/4,475), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The \"superimposed-line\" sign did not appear in fetuses with secondary hard palate cleft and primary cleft palate only when a secondary hard palate cleft is present. The sign appeared in normal fetuses and those with a simple primary cleft palate, simple secondary soft palate cleft, or a simple secondary bifid uvula. Based on these results, we propose that the \"superimposed-line\" sign in the mid-sagittal plane of the fetal face in the first trimester of pregnancy (11-13+6 weeks) is an important tool in screening for fetal cleft palate, especially secondary hard palate cleft.