目的:暴露于儿童虐待-精神病的危险因素与偏执狂有关-可能会影响一个人对世界的信念以及信念如何更新。我们假设儿童虐待的暴露增加与波动相关的信念更新有关,特别是对波动性的更高预期,这些关系对于威胁相关的虐待是最强烈的。此外,我们测试了信念更新是否在虐待和偏执之间起中介作用。
方法:使用3选项概率逆转学习(3PRL)任务,对75例精神分裂症谱系障碍患者和76例非精神病对照进行了信念更新。采用分层高斯滤波器(HGF)估计置信度更新的计算参数,包括先前的波动率预期(μ03)。儿童创伤问卷(CTQ)用于评估累积虐待,威胁,和剥夺暴露。使用阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)和修订的Green等人测量偏执狂。偏执思维量表(R-GPTS)
结果:更多的儿童虐待暴露与整个样本和精神分裂症谱系障碍患者先前对波动性的期望更高相关。这是特定于与威胁有关的虐待,而不是剥夺,在精神分裂症谱系障碍中。偏执狂与儿童虐待和波动性相关,但是我们没有观察到波动性先验对虐待和偏执之间关系的显著间接影响。
结论:我们的研究表明,患有精神分裂症谱系障碍的人,在童年时期暴露于威胁性的经历,期望他们的环境更加动荡,可能促进异常信念更新并赋予偏执狂风险。
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to childhood maltreatment-a risk factor for psychosis is associated with paranoia-may impact one\'s beliefs about the world and how beliefs are updated. We hypothesized that increased exposure to childhood maltreatment is related to
volatility-related belief updating, specifically higher expectations of
volatility, and that these relationships are strongest for threat-related maltreatment. Additionally, we tested whether belief updating mediates the relationship between maltreatment and paranoia.
METHODS: Belief updating was measured in 75 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and 76 nonpsychiatric controls using a 3-option probabilistic reversal learning (3PRL) task. A Hierarchical Gaussian Filter (HGF) was used to estimate computational parameters of belief updating, including prior expectations of
volatility (μ03). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess cumulative maltreatment, threat, and deprivation exposure. Paranoia was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS).
RESULTS: Greater exposure to childhood maltreatment is associated with higher prior expectations of volatility in the whole sample and in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This was specific to threat-related maltreatment, rather than deprivation, in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Paranoia was associated with both exposure to childhood maltreatment and
volatility priors, but we did not observe a significant indirect effect of
volatility priors on the relationship between maltreatment and paranoia.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who were exposed to threatening experiences during childhood expect their environment to be more volatile, potentially facilitating aberrant belief updating and conferring risk for paranoia.