目的:仙人掌是新热带地区植物区系的特征元素,对生物地理学具有重要意义。进化,和生态研究。在这里,我们使用基于样本的事件以及来自视觉观察的数据来测试新热带仙人掌科的全球生物地理边界,作为解决家庭中已知的收集偏见的一种手段。
方法:针对保存的标本和人类观察评估了物种丰富度和记录密度,并使用交互式Web应用程序InfomapBioregions根据通过自动和手动步骤清理的261,272点记录的数据,制定了针对仙人掌科定制的生物区域方案。
结果:我们发现墨西哥和美国西南部的地区,巴西东部和安第斯地区的记录密度最高,物种丰富度最高。人类观察大大补充了保存标本的信息,尤其是安第斯山脉。我们提出了24个仙人掌生物区,其中物种最丰富的是:墨西哥北部/美国西南部,墨西哥中部,墨西哥中部南部,中美洲,墨西哥太平洋海岸,安第斯山脉中部和南部,墨西哥西北部/美国西南部,玻利维亚西南部,巴西东北部,墨西哥/下加利福尼亚州。
结论:提议的生物区域化显示了仙人掌特有的生物地理边界,从而可以帮助进一步进化,生物地理,和生态研究,为进一步分析提供一个经过验证的框架。这种分类建立在,与众不同,其他分类单元的其他专家衍生的区域化方案。我们的结果展示了观察数据,包括公民科学记录,可以补充传统的基于样本的生物地理研究数据,特别是对于具有特定样本收集和保存挑战的分类单元,以及受到威胁或国际保护的分类单元。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
Cacti are characteristic elements of the Neotropical flora and of major interest for biogeographic, evolutionary, and ecological studies. We tested global biogeographic boundaries for Neotropical Cactaceae using specimen-based occurrences, coupled with data from visual observations, as a means to tackle the known collection biases in the family.
Species richness and record density were assessed for preserved specimens and human observations, and a bioregional scheme tailored to Cactaceae was produced using the interactive web application Infomap Bioregions, based on data from 261,272 point records cleaned through automated and manual steps.
We found that areas in Mexico and southwestern USA, in eastern Brazil, and along the Andean region have the greatest density of records and the highest species richness. Human observations complement information from preserved specimens substantially, especially along the Andes. We propose 24 cactus bioregions, among which the most species-rich are northern Mexico/southwestern USA, central Mexico, southern central Mexico, Central America, Mexican Pacific coast, central and southern Andes, northwestern Mexico/extreme southwestern USA, southwestern Bolivia, northeastern Brazil, and Mexico/Baja California.
The bioregionalization proposed shows biogeographic boundaries specific to cacti and can thereby aid further evolutionary, biogeographic, and ecological studies by providing a validated framework for further analyses. This classification builds upon, and is distinctive from, other expert-derived regionalization schemes for other taxa. Our results showcase how observation data, including citizen-science records, can complement traditional specimen-based data for biogeographic research, particularly for taxa with specific specimen collection and preservation challenges and those that are threatened or internationally protected.