背景:在埃塞俄比亚,内脏利什曼病(VL)是一种公共卫生问题,近年来已蔓延到新的地方病。估计有320万人面临感染风险,每年有3700-7400例新病例。因此,该研究旨在确定在Metema医院就诊的发热患者中VL的患病率和相关危险因素,埃塞俄比亚西北部。
方法:对2021年2月至2021年6月在Metema医院就诊的404例发热患者进行了基于医院的横断面研究。根据制造商的说明,使用免疫色谱测试(RK39)进行VL的测试(InBiosInternationalInc.,美国)。一名面试官管理,使用预测试问卷收集与VL相关的危险因素数据.Logistic回归和卡方评估VL与相关危险因素之间的关联。
结果:内脏利什曼病的总体患病率为18.8%(76/404),男性中VL的患病率较高,在21到30岁之间的年龄类别中,在完成小学学业的研究参与者中,和那些每月收入低于500比尔的人相比。茅草屋顶的房屋(调整后的奇数比率(AOR)=17.648,95CI=6.549,47.563),有泥墙的房屋(AOR=2.538,95%CI=1.187-5.411),牛所有权(AOR=3.173,95%CI=1.286-7.826),养狗(AOR=2,533,95%CI=1.256-5.111),房屋附近有相思树(AOR=1.975,95%CI:1.004-3.886),存在Balanites树(AOR=3.015,95%CI=1.610-5.992),室外睡眠(AOR=2.259,95%CI:1.107-14.607)是本研究中VL的预测因子。
结论:在研究区域,VL仍然很常见。因此,预防和控制该地区的感染在很大程度上取决于提高社区对VL预防和控制措施的认识,并对已确定的决定因素实施必要的干预措施。
BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern that has been spreading to new endemic foci in recent years. An estimated 3.2 million people are at risk of infection, with 3700-7400 new cases yearly. Thus, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of VL and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, North West Ethiopia.
METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 febrile patients attending Metema Hospital from February 2021 to June 2021. The test for VL was done using an immune-chromatographic test (RK39) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions (InBios International Inc., USA). An interviewer-administered, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with VL. Logistic regression and Chi-square assessed the association between VL and the associated risk factors.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis was 18.8% (76/404), with a higher prevalence of VL in males, in the age category between 21 and 30, in study participants who completed elementary school, and in those who earned less than 500 birr monthly compared to their counterparts. Houses with thatched roofs (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 17.648, 95CI = 6.549,47.563), houses with mud walls (AOR = 2.538, 95% CI = 1.187-5.411), cattle ownership (AOR = 3.173, 95% CI = 1.286-7.826), dog ownership (AOR = 2,533, 95% CI = 1.256-5.111), presence of Acacia trees near houses (AOR = 1.975, 95% CI:1.004-3.886), presence of Balanites tree (AOR = 3.015, 95% CI = 1.610-5.992), and outdoor sleeping (AOR = 2.259, 95% CI: 1.107-14.607) were the predictors of VL in the present study.
CONCLUSIONS: In the study area, VL is still very common. Thus, preventing and controlling infection in the area is largely dependent on raising community awareness of VL prevention and control measures and implementing the necessary interventions on the determinants that have been identified.