酒糟渗滤液进入水体和地下水加剧了环境问题,尤其是富营养化。因此,进行了柱实验,以检查添加沸石(ZL)的影响,骨炭(BC),和木片生物炭(WCB)在酒糟的存在对二氧化碳(CO2)排放,石灰性沙质土壤中溶解有机碳(DOC)和铵(NH4+)的淋失,以及研究溶解有机碳和铵的浸出动力学。此柱实验包含四种处理:单独的土壤(CK),土壤+沸石(SZL),土壤+骨炭(SBC),和土壤+木屑生物炭(SWCB)。这些改良剂以4%的水平施用于土壤。以每柱13mL的水平将Vinasse添加到所有处理中。浸出的总累积DOC和总累积可溶性铵量随着施用ZL而显著降低,BC,和WCB与单独的土壤相比。这些修正在降低总累积DOC浸出中的有效性的顺序为SBC>SWCB>SZL>CK。然而,这些修正在减少总累积NH4浸出方面的有效性顺序为SZL>SWCB>SBC>CK。与单独处理土壤相比,DOC浸出的速率常数(k)随着骨炭的施加而显着降低。在酒糟存在的情况下,土壤中浸出DOC的表观半衰期为土壤CK的8.1、12.9、36.7和15.5天,SZL,SBC,和SWCB治疗,分别。在添加酒糟的情况下,从土壤中浸出的可溶性铵的半衰期值对于CK分别为10.1、39.5、28.5和37.9天,SZL,SBC,和SWCB治疗,分别。用BC改良土壤显着增加了磷的有效性,然而,与对照处理相比,施用ZL和BC导致钙质沙质土壤中有效钾的显着增加。根据这些结果,建议不要在沙质土壤中单独添加酒糟,但最好与BC修正案共同应用,其水平比ZL和WCB好4%。这将减少DOC和铵对地下水位和地下水的浸出,并增强土壤中的养分保留,反过来,在减少酒糟的有害影响和提高土壤肥力方面起着至关重要的作用。
The access of
vinasse leachates to water bodies and groundwater exacerbates environmental problems, especially eutrophication. Therefore, a column experiment was performed to examine the effect of adding zeolite (ZL), bone char (BC), and wood chips biochar (WCB) in the presence of
vinasse on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, leaching dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonium (NH4+) in calcareous sandy soil, as well as studying the kinetics of leaching dissolved organic carbon and ammonium. This column experiment contains four treatments: soil alone (CK), soil + zeolite (SZL), soil + bone char (SBC), and soil + wood chips biochar (SWCB). These amendments were applied to the soil at a level of 4%.
Vinasse was added to all treatments at a level of 13 mL per column. The leached total cumulative DOC and total cumulative soluble ammonium amounts decreased significantly with applying ZL, BC, and WCB compared with the soil alone. The effectiveness of these amendments in lowering the total cumulative DOC leaching is in the order of SBC > SWCB > SZL > CK. However, the effectiveness of these amendments in decreasing the total cumulative NH4+ leaching is in the order of SZL > SWCB > SBC > CK. The rate constant (k) of DOC leaching decreased significantly with the application of bone char compared to soil alone treatment. In the presence of
vinasse, the apparent half-life of leached DOC from the soil was 8.1, 12.9, 36.7, and 15.5 days for soil CK, SZL, SBC, and SWCB treatments, respectively. Half-life values of leached soluble ammonium from the soil in the presence of
vinasse addition were 10.1, 39.5, 28.5, and 37.9 days for CK, SZL, SBC, and SWCB treatments, respectively. Amending soil with BC increased significantly the phosphorus availability, however, applying ZL and BC caused a significant increase in the available potassium in calcareous sandy soil compared to the control treatment. According to these results, it is recommended not to add vinasse alone to sandy soils, but it is preferred to be co-applied with BC amendment at the level of 4% better than ZL and WCB. This would decrease leaching DOC and ammonium to the water table and groundwater as well as enhance nutrient retention in the soil, which in turn, plays a vital role in reducing the harmful effect of vinasse and improving soil fertility.