背景:机动车碰撞(MVCs)对美国造成了巨大的死亡率和经济负担。生物力学研究可以指导未来的车辆创新。这项研究的目的是研究涉及乘用车(PV)的两车MVCs的生物力学,以评估相关的损伤模式和结果,包括死亡率。
方法:对碰撞损伤研究工程网络数据库中的病例进行了回顾性队列研究,以评估生物力学(撞击角度,安全带使用,和安全气囊展开),涉及2005-2015年至少一个PV的两车MVC。
结果:在评估的629个MVC中,横向碰撞最常见(49.5%),其次是正面(41.3%)和后端(9.2%)碰撞。胸部损伤占30.1%,31.4%,和31.1%的外侧伤害,正面,和追尾碰撞,分别,并且是所有碰撞类型中最常见的受伤部位。使用安全带与ICU住院时间缩短相关(10.9天vs19.1天,P=.036)和死亡率(Cramer\sV=.224,P<.001),但平均受伤人数更多(10.2人受伤vs8.6人受伤,P=.011)。
结论:乘用车在全国范围内普遍参与MVCs,需要努力防止乘员受伤和死亡。将能量吸收材料结合到车辆内部的公共接触点中可以降低这些伤害的严重程度。安全带的使用仍然是防止MVC死亡的保护因素,但与附带伤害有关,应成为进一步创新的重点。
BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) pose significant mortality and economic burden on the United States. Biomechanics research may guide future vehicle innovation. The objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanics of two-vehicle MVCs involving passenger vehicle (PV) to evaluate associated injury patterns and outcomes including mortality.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of cases from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network database was performed to evaluate the biomechanics (angle of impact, seatbelt use, and airbag deployment) of two-vehicle MVCs involving at least one PV from 2005-2015.
RESULTS: Out of 629 MVCs evaluated, lateral collisions were most common (49.5%), followed by head-on (41.3%) and rear-end (9.2%) collisions. Thoracic injuries accounted for 30.1%, 31.4%, and 31.1% of injuries in lateral, head-on, and rear-end collisions, respectively, and were the most common body region injured for all collision types. Seatbelt use was associated with shorter ICU stay (10.9 vs 19.1 days, P = .036) and mortality (Cramer\'s V = .224, P < .001), but a greater average number of injuries (10.2 injuries vs 8.6 injuries, P = .011).
CONCLUSIONS: Passenger vehicle are commonly involved in MVCs nationwide and efforts are needed to prevent occupant injuries and fatalities. The incorporation of energy-absorbing material into common points of contact within the vehicle interior may decrease the severity of these injuries. Seatbelt use remains a protective factor against MVC-fatalities but is associated with collateral injuries and should be a focus of further innovation.