背景:严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的自然感染或疫苗接种会引发针对关键病毒抗原的抗体产生。然而,与在埃塞俄比亚接种疫苗的个体相比,关于自然感染个体产生的抗体水平的证据有限.因此,我们旨在检测和比较自然感染和接种疫苗的个体产生的SARS-CoV-2抗体.
方法:我们从2022年11月至2023年4月在亚的斯亚贝巴的10个选定的医疗机构对355名自然感染和355名接种疫苗的个体进行了多中心横断面研究。埃塞俄比亚。我们在参与者到达医疗机构后连续登记,直到达到所需的样本量。我们使用结构化问卷收集有关参与者的人口统计学和临床特征的数据。我们还从所有参与者收集了3-5ml血液样品,并使用Cobas6000测试了抗-Spike(抗-S)和抗核衣壳(抗-N)抗体。我们利用频率,意思是,或中位数来描述数据,Mann-WhitneyU测试比较组,和广义线性回归模型来评估与抗S抗体浓度相关的因素。我们用SPSS26版分析数据,显著性水平设置为P值<0.05。
结果:在自然感染的参与者中,352(99.5%)具有抗S抗体,所有(100%)具有抗N抗体,而在接种疫苗的参与者中,所有(100%)都有抗S抗体,323(91.6%)有抗N抗体。由接种疫苗的个体产生的抗S抗体显著(P<0.001)高于由于自然感染产生的那些。年轻(P=0.004),有高血压(P<0.001),并且患有糖尿病(P<0.001)与较低的抗S抗体水平显着相关,尽管最近接种了疫苗并且疫苗剂量较高,但在接种疫苗的参与者中,与较高的抗S抗体浓度显着相关。患有糖尿病(P<0.001)与自然感染参与者的抗S浓度降低显着相关。
结论:在自然感染和接种疫苗的个体中都有较高的血清阳性率。然而,接种疫苗的个体的SARS-CoV-2抗体水平高于自然感染者,这凸显了疫苗接种对埃塞俄比亚增加COVID-19保护的重大贡献。
BACKGROUND: Natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vaccination triggers antibody production against key viral antigens. However, there is limited evidence on the levels of antibodies produced in naturally infected individuals compared to those vaccinated in Ethiopia. Therefore, we aimed to detect and compare SARS-CoV-2 antibodies produced by naturally infected and vaccinated individuals.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study among a total of 355 naturally infected and 355 vaccinated individuals from November 2022 to April 2023 at 10 selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We enrolled the participants consecutively upon their arrival at health facilities until the required sample size was achieved. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. We also collected 3-5 ml of blood samples from all participants and tested for anti-Spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using Cobas 6000. We utilized frequency, mean, or median to describe the data, the Mann-Whitney U test to compare groups, and a generalized linear regression model to assess factors associated with anti-S antibody concentration. We analyzed the data with SPSS version 26, and the level of significance was set at P-value < 0.05.
RESULTS: Of the naturally infected participants, 352 (99.5%) had anti-S antibodies and all (100%) had anti-N antibodies, whereas among vaccinated participants, all (100%) had anti-S antibodies, while 323 (91.6%) had anti-N antibodies. Anti-S antibodies produced by vaccinated individuals were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those produced as a result of natural infection. Being young (P = 0.004), having hypertension (P < 0.001), and having diabetes (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower anti-S antibody levels, while being recently vaccinated and having a higher number of vaccine doses were significantly associated with higher anti-S antibody concentrations in vaccinated participants. Having diabetes (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower anti-S concentrations in participants who were naturally infected.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a high seropositivity rate in both naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. However, vaccinated individuals had higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those who were naturally infected, which highlights the significant contribution of vaccination in increasing the protection of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.