营养支持是在对漏油的反应期间对上油的动物进行的主要疗法,但是在事件期间提供营养决策信息的数据是有限的。在这项研究中,44例普通鼠类(Uriaaalge)和6例西方鼠类(Achmophorusoccidentalis),文图拉和圣塔芭芭拉县海岸的海洋渗漏自然上油,CA,美国,被分配到4组中的1组饲喂不同水平的饮食(6.8%[不添加油],11%,和20%)和类型(鲑鱼,玉米)添加到部分纯化的基础饮食中的油。研究中使用的鸟类范围从极度消瘦到瘦弱的身体状况(62%-80%的野生鸟类平均体重)。酸不溶性灰分被用作不可消化的饮食标记,以量化氮保留,表观氮消化率,氮校正的表观代谢能,能量消化率,脂肪滞留,脂肪消化率,和估计的脂肪排泄。脂肪排泄在这些物种中很重要,因为一旦鸟类被清洁,它们就有可能在护理过程中被排泄的脂肪重新污染羽毛。低脂肪饮食导致较低的脂肪排泄,但较高的氮保留,较高的表观氮消化率,和更高的表观代谢能。氮保留的减少与脂肪排泄的增加显着相关。无论饮食如何,能量消化率随着体重的下降而显著下降,这表明消瘦的严重程度降低了鸟类从食物中提取能量的能力。11%(低)鲑鱼油饮食中的能量消化率最高;因此,尽管总kcal/kg饮食较低,但这种饮食的有效能量含量最高。从历史上看,在漏油期间喂食的饮食具有高脂肪浓度,以提供最大的热量支持。这项研究的结果表明,低脂肪饮食可能对营养匮乏的海鸟更有效。这项研究提供了有价值的数据,以指导有关漏油和其他大规模搁浅事件期间营养支持的临床决策。
Nutritional support is a primary therapy administered to oiled animals during responses to oil spills, but data informing nutritional decision-making during events are limited. In this study, 44 common murres ( Uria aalge ) and 6 Western grebes ( Aechmophorus occidentalis ), naturally oiled by oceanic seeps off the coast of Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, CA, USA, were assigned to 1 of 4 groups fed diets with varying levels (6.8% [no added oil], 11%, and 20%) and types (salmon, corn) of oil added to a partially purified basal diet. Birds used in the study ranged from extremely emaciated to thin body condition (62%-80% wild bird mean body mass). Acid-insoluble ash was used as an indigestible dietary marker to quantify nitrogen retention, apparent nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy, energy digestibility, fat retention, fat digestibility, and estimated fat excretion. Fat excretion is important in these species because once birds have been cleaned they are at risk of plumage recontamination from excreted fat during care. Lower fat diets resulted in lower fat excretion but higher nitrogen retention, higher apparent nitrogen digestibility, and higher apparent metabolizable energy. Decreases in nitrogen retention were significantly related to increases in fat excretion. Regardless of diet, energy digestibility significantly declined with declines in body mass, suggesting severity of emaciation reduced a birds\' ability to extract energy from food. Energy digestibility was highest in the 11% (low) salmon oil diet; hence, this diet had the highest effective energy content despite a lower gross kcal/kg diet. Diets fed during oil spills historically have had high fat concentrations to provide maximum caloric support. Results of this study suggest that lower fat diets may be more efficacious for nutritionally depleted seabirds. This study provides valuable data to guide clinical decision making regarding nutritional support during oil spills and other mass stranding events.